基本定义

关系代词作介词宾语：介词+关系代词 which/whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时用whom。

基本用法

一、单个介词+which/ whom

①根据和从句中动词的搭配：
The man with whom I talked just now is from Beijing University.刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。（talk with sb和某人说话）

②根据和从句中形容词的搭配：
Yesterday I visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我参观了杭州著名的西湖。（be famous for “以……而闻名”.）

③根据和先行词的搭配：
He built a telescope, through which he could study stars. 他架起一架望远镜，通过它可以研究星星。（through a telescope通过望远镜）

④根据句意   注意：定语从句的谓语动词如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
My computer, without which I can’t play computer games, broke down yesterday.  昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。
This is the pen that / which you are looking for. 这是我正在找的钢笔。 不说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.  

二、介词短语+which/ whom

Jack was a famous doctor, with the help of whom they succeeded in the operation.杰克是一位名医，在他的帮助下他们成功做了手术。

He works in a factory, in front of which lies a river. 他在一个工厂工作，工厂前面有一条河。

三、不定代词/数词/名词+of which/ whom (of which/ whom也可放前)

He has two sons, both of whom/ of whom both are doctors. 他有两个儿子，他们都是医生。

John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom/ of whom most are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是自家人。

There are 60 students in our class, 41 of whom/ of whom 41 are girls 我们班有60名学生，其中41名是女生。

He mentioned a book, the title of which /of which the title I’ve forgotten.他提到一本书，书的名字我忘了。

四、the+形容词比较级或最高级/ 序数词+of which/ whom （of which/ whom 也可放前)

Our university has many labs, the largest of which/ of which the largest was built last year. 我们学校有许多实验室，最大的是去年建造的。

In his office there are nine clerks, the youngest of whom/ of whom the youngest is Mr. Liu. 他办公室有9位职员, 其中最年轻的是刘先生。

I was given three books on cooking, the first of which/ of which the first I really enjoyed. 别人给我三本关于烹饪的书，我很喜欢第一本。

五、介词+ which/whose+名词 （which/whose作名词的定语）

He may be late, in which case we’ll have to put off the meeting. 他也许会迟到，那样的话我们只好推迟会议了。

The boss, in whose company Mr. Smith works, is my friend.这个老板是我的朋友，史密斯先生在他的公司工作。

I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我感谢史密斯教授, 没有他的帮助, 我永远不会取得如此的成就。

注意和并列句的区别：

The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whom)  

The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them)

The old man has three sons; one of them is a teacher. (分号“；”后的句子是并列句，用代词them)

补充三种特殊情况

1.since when引导的定语从句，when指代前面句子所提供的时间背景，从句中多用现在完成时。

That was in 1997, since when things have been better. 那是在1997年，从那时起情况就已经好转了。（since when指代 since 1997）

比较：That was in 1997, when things were better. 那是在1997年，那时情况有了好转。( when指代in 1997)

2.from where引导的定语从句  ，表示从某一个地点。

Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. （from where指代  from behind the door） 汤姆躲在门后，从那里他可以清楚地听到妈妈的脚步声。

3.介词+which/ whom+ to do，相当于介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句。

I have only $10 with which to buy him a present. 我只有10美元来给他买礼物。（=with which I could buy him a present）

I want to make friends with Jack from whom to improve my English. 我想和杰克交朋友，从他那儿提高我的英语水平。（=from whom I can improve my English）

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

填空题

1.It is a famous school_______ _______he graduated 3 years ago.
2.The chair _______ _______he is sitting now is made of wood.

3.Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined our club?

4.They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of _______ many strange birds were seen. 

5.Eric received training in computer for one year, _______ _______ he found a job in a big company.

6.Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of _______ sit three students.

7.The plane _______ _______ we flew to Canada is very comfortable.
8.There are many reasons _______ _______ people like traveling. 

9.This is the iPad ______ _______ I spent 3000 yuan.

10.This is my pair of glasses, _______ _______ I cannot see clearly.

11. He’ll never forget the day _______ _______ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time.

12.The musicians _____ ______ we have great  interest  toured Europe with us.

13 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ______ ______ school education depends.

14. Who can give me the reason_______ _______  he hasn’t turned up yet?

15. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ _______ she could turn for help.

KEYS：

1. from which 2. on which 3. on which 4. which 5. after which

6. whom 7. in which 8. for which 9. on which 10. without which

11. on which 12.in whom 13. on which 14. for which 15.to whom