定义

定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它通常用于句子中作定语。它能够更加详细地描述或限制名词或代词的范围，使得句子的表达更加准确。

以下是一些例句：

The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
The man who is talking to John is my boss.
The restaurant where we had dinner last night was really expensive.

在这些例句中，定语从句修饰了名词“book”、“man”和“restaurant”，被定语从句修饰的名词叫“先行词”，我们需要通过分析先行词来确定关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词 which, who, that, whom, whose

关系代词是连接定语从句和主句的关键词，它们有三个，分别是：that、who、which、whom（作宾语）,whose（作定语，”……的“）。在选择关系代词时需要注意以下几点：

关系代词有三个，分别是that、who和which。它们在定语从句中的使用如下：

that: 可用于修饰人或物，用于限制性定语从句中，可用于主语或宾语位置。

The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (修饰物，限制性定语从句，作主语)
The man (that) I met yesterday is my boss. (修饰人，限制性定语从句，作宾语)

who/whom: 用于修饰人，可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，常用于主语或宾语位置。

The woman who is singing is my sister. (修饰人，限制性定语从句，作主语)

The boy (who/whom) you are talking about is my classmate.（修饰人，限制性定语从句，作宾语）
My friend, who is a doctor, recommended this hospital. (修饰人，非限制性定语从句，作主语)

which: 用于修饰物，可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中，常用于主语或宾语位置。

The car (which) I bought last year is very reliable. (修饰物，限制性定语从句，作主语)
The new building, which is still under construction, will be finished next year. (修饰物，非限制性定语从句，作主语)

“Whose”可以用于引导定语从句，用来修饰一个名词或代词，并说明这个名词或代词所属的人或物。

The man whose car was stolen reported the theft to the police. (那个车被盗的男人向警方报案了。)
The boy whose mother is a doctor is very intelligent. (那个母亲是医生的男孩非常聪明。)
I met a woman yesterday whose husband is a famous musician. (昨天我遇到了一位丈夫是著名音乐家的女士。)
The company whose products we sell is based in Germany. (我们销售的那家公司的产品是德国制造的。)
Do you know the girl whose brother is a movie star? (你认识那个哥哥是电影明星的女孩吗？)

需要注意的是，”whose”后面跟的是名词或代词，而不是动词，因此它所引导的定语从句中，谓语动词的形式要与先行词的数保持一致。同时，”whose”可以用于人和物，表示所属关系，是一个非常有用的关系代词。

注意：

1、在非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）中只能用who或which，不能用that。

2、关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略。

3、先行词是人，用who/that，先行词是物，用which/that。

4、无论先行词是人还是物，都可以用whose，表示”….的”。

关系副词 where, when, why

关系副词也是连接定语从句和主句的关键词，它们有三个，分别是：where，when和why，where用于修饰地点；when用于修饰时间；why用于修饰原因，可转换为“介词＋which”。when, where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为“for＋which”。

I am looking forward to the day when(＝on which)my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 我正期盼着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。

We found the wooden house where(＝in which)the old man lives. 我们找到了老人住的木屋。

The park where we had a picnic last weekend was very beautiful. (上个周末我们野餐的公园非常漂亮。)

Do you remember the time when we first met? (你还记得我们第一次见面的时间吗？)

The year when we graduated from college was a very important year for us. (我们大学毕业的那一年对我们来说非常重要。)

抽象地点，用where

表示抽象地点的名词(case, situation, condition, atmosphere, activity, job, career, point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。

They are now in a situation where they need to make a practical plan. 他们现在处于一种需要制订一个切实可行的计划的处境。

The manager is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 经理正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，员工喜欢他们的工作。

Students should take part in community activities where they can gain experience. 学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取经验。

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

Fill in the blanks with "which, who, whom, that, whose, when, where, why".
The house _______ is located on the top of the hill belongs to my uncle.
The boy _______ father is a doctor won the first prize in the math competition.
The book _______ I read last month was very interesting.
The day _______ we spent in the park was unforgettable.
The woman, _______ I met on the plane, is a famous actress.
The computer _______ you bought last week is very expensive.
The city _______ he was born is known for its delicious food.
The restaurant _______ we had dinner last night is very famous.
The time _______ I spent with my family during the holiday was precious.
The beach _______ we went last summer was beautiful.

KEYS：

that
whose
that/which
when
whom
that/which
where
where
that/which
that/which