被动语态 Passive Voice

定义

被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者的语态。它由助动词“be”加上过去分词构成。

例如：
主动语态：She is writing a letter.
被动语态：A letter is being written by her.

基本用法

当我们想强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，可以使用被动语态。
例如：
主动语态：The company made the decision.
被动语态：The decision was made by the company.

当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时，可以使用被动语态。
例如：
主动语态：Someone broke the window.
被动语态：The window was broken.

当我们想避免指责或批评某人时，可以使用被动语态。
例如：
主动语态：You made a mistake.
被动语态：A mistake was made.

当我们想在句子中使用动词不定式时，可以使用被动语态。
例如：
主动语态：She wants to study in the United States.
被动语态：It is wanted by her to study in the United States.

注意事项

当使用被动语态时，动作的执行者通常不在句子的主语位置，而是在by短语中。但是，在某些情况下，我们可以省略by短语。
例如：
被动语态：The letter was written.（可以省略by短语）

一些动词不适合使用被动语态，例如不及物动词（如run, sleep）和表状态的动词（如belong, have）。因此，在使用被动语态时，需要注意动词是否能够被转换成被动语态。
例如：
主动语态：He is sleeping.
被动语态：He is being slept.（不正确）
被动语态：He is being watched.（正确）

被动语态可能会使句子变得更加复杂和不清晰，因此，在使用被动语态时，需要注意是否有更好的表达方式。
例如：
主动语态：The company is considering the proposal.
被动语态：The proposal is being considered by the company.（复杂）
更好的表达方式：The proposal is under consideration by the company.（更简洁）

练习与举例

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

he cake __________ by my grandmother yesterday.(bake)
The news __________ by the media last night.(report)
The project __________ before the deadline.(complete)
The thief __________ by the police this morning.(catch)
The concert __________ due to bad weather.(cancel)
The window __________ by the wind last night.(break)
The letter __________ to the president last week.(send)
The tickets __________ by the theater for the show.(reserve)
The problem __________ by our team in the meeting.(discuss)
The photos __________ by my friend during the trip.(take)

答案：

was baked
was reported
was completed
was caught
was cancelled
was broken
was sent
were reserved
was discussed
were taken

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