现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。

现在完成进行时由“have/has＋been＋现在分词”构成。

肯定句：主语＋have/has＋been＋现在分词＋其他。

否定句：主语＋have/has＋not＋been＋现在分词＋其他。

疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋been＋现在分词＋其他？

疑问代词/疑问副词＋have/has＋(主语＋)been＋现在分词＋其他？

►He is ill. He’s been lying in bed for three weeks. 他病了。他已经卧床3个星期了。

►Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? 你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗？

基本用法

1．表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在。

现在完成进行时常和 all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently 等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。

►I have been reading Hemingway’s Farewell to Arms recently. 我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。

►She has been reciting the words all the morning. 她整个上午都在背单词。

►This is what I have been expecting since my childhood. 这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。

2．表示动作刚刚结束。

►My clothes are all wet. I’ve been working in the rain. 我的衣服全湿了。我刚才一直在雨中干活。

►He is dead drunk. He’s been drinking with his friends. 他烂醉如泥。他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。

3．表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作。

►You’ve been saying that for five years. 这话你已经说了五年了。

►He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.

自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。

4．表达较重的感情色彩。

►What have you been doing to my dictionary? 看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了？

►Time has been flying so quickly! 时间过得可真快啊！

►Too much has been happening today. 今天可真是个多事的日子。

与现在完成时的区别

1．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复， 而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。

►Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？

►Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？

2．现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩， 而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。

►I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)

►I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)

3．现在完成进行时强调动作， 而现在完成时强调结果。

►Who has been eating the oranges?  谁一直在吃这些橙子呀？ (还剩余一些)

►Who has eaten the oranges?  谁把橙子吃光了？ (强调吃得一个不剩)

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

(1) I __________________ (teach) English for almost twenty years. I will teach until retirement.

(2) In order to find the missing child, villagers ________________ (do) all they can over the past five hours.

(3) In 1996, I moved to Canada with my husband and I __________________ (live) there since then.

(4) Jim __________________ (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.

(5) Although many measures __________________ (take), the world’s economy is still going down.

(6) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and __________________ (remain) around that level since.

(7) He ________________ (listen) to English programs since he came to the US, so he _________________ (make) great progress.

(8) The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he __________________ (play) in the mud all morning.

(9) People __________________ (pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.

KEYS：

(1)have been teaching  (2)have been doing  (3) have been living  (4)has been phoning  (5) have been taken  (6)has remained  (7) has been listening (8) has been playing  (9)has been pouring

现在完成进行时最先出现在Clarissa Study。

现在进行时的被动语态表示“说话时或现阶段正在被做的动作”， 主语是动作的承受者。

二．主动语态变被动语态的方法

1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.将主动谓语变为被动谓语(am/is/are＋being+过去分词)。
3.将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语, 若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略)。

Scientists  are studying  the new disease at present. → The new disease  is being studied at present by scientists.

They  are building  nine parks. →Nine parks  are being built (by them). 

Mindmap解析

习题-现在进行时的被动语态

一．将下列主动句变为被动句

1.Hunters are hunting African elephants.

2.The reporter is interviewing Mary now.

3. Look! Her aunt is taking care of the baby.

4. The workers are setting up a lot of buildings, and people will move next year.

5.He is writing the alarming report , and it will be finished soon.

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

In the wetland of my hometown, there are many different kinds of animals, including wild birds, fish, snakes, insects and so on. When I was in primary school, I often went there with my friends to watch the birds and study them. That was an interesting place for all of us. But things have begun to change in recent years. Small birds 1____________ (catch) with nets. Wild ducks 2____________ (sell) at food markets. Fish and snakes 3 ____________ (kill) for food in restaurants. And even worse, the wetland 4______________ (destroy). Some parts 5 ___ ______(cover) with new houses. You can see rubbish everywhere. The wetland 6_____________ (pollute) seriously every day. I am very worried about it. What can we do?

KEYS：

一．1.African elephants are being hunted by hunters .

2.Mary is being interview by the reporter now .

3. Look! The baby is being taken care of by her aunt.

4.A lot of tall buildings are being set up by the workers, and people will move next year.

5.The alarming report is being written, and it will be finished soon.

二．1. are being caught 2. are being sold 3. are being killed 4. is being destroyed 5. are being covered 6. is being polluted

现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态表示“现在已经被完成的动作”。

常与一些副词连用，如already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等，通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。

也可以表示“一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能延续下去的被做的动作”。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句，in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days,  ever since, so far, up to now,  in recent years等连用。

二．现在完成时被动语态的用法

1.表示现在已经被完成的动作。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等, 通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。

Some flowers have already been watered by Li Ming. 一些花已经被李明浇了。
Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed yet? Wi-Fi 密码被验证了吗？
Recently his novel has been translated into many foreign languages? 最近，他的小说被翻译成好几种外语。

2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能继续延续下去的被做的动作。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句， in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days, ever since, so far, up to now, in recent years等连用。  

Much useful information about these planets has been collected since 1971. 自从1971年关于这些行星的许多有用的信息已经被收集。
Computer science has been taught  in all universities for many years. 所有的大学开计算机课程已经很多年了。
Up to now, no news has been received from her. 到现在，还没有收到她的消息。

【注意一】主动语态变被动语态注意事项

1.短语动词的被动语态： 主动语态中的谓语动词是短语动词时，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

They take good care of the children at school.→The children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校受到很好的照顾。
You shouldn’t laugh at disabled people. →Disabled people shouldn’t be laughed at. 残疾人不应该被嘲笑。

2. 带双宾语的动词，变为被动语态时可以有两种方法：
（1）把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来。
（2）把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语。用to还是for，根据动词的搭配：一般动词give,pass, show, send,bring要加介词to；动词buy, make, cook, mend要加介词for。

He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 →She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.
He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。 →She was bought a watch./  A watch was bought for her.

3.带有复合宾语的句子，变成被动语态时宾补相应变为主补：
（1）在感官动词(hear,see, watch, feel, notice等)和使役动词(let,make have等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补,但是改为被动语态时, 要加上to，作主补。
（2）如果主动语态中doing 或to do作宾补时， 变为被动时仍然用doing或to do的形式。

We often see him go for a walk by the river. →He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.
They made the boys work 12 hours a day. →The boys were made to work 12hours a day.
I saw him playing football at that moment. →He was seen  playing football at that moment.
Our teacher told us to clean the room at once. →We were told to clean the room at once .

【注意二】 使用被动语态时注意的几个方面

1.不用被动语态的情况  

（1）系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等与形容词连用时。

Ice feels cold. 冰摸上去凉。
Your bedroom smelt so terrible. 你的卧室气味难闻。
His plan proved (to be) practical. 这项计划证明是符合实际的。

（2）表示开始、结束、运动的词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, shut等。

Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 上午七点开始工作。
The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 这家店铺每天下午6点关门。

（3）表示主语的某种属性的词read, write, act, cut, play, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, look, shut等， 通常和副词well, easily, smoothly, badly, nicely等连用。其否定形式通常用won’t，表示拒绝。

The books sell well这些书很畅销。
Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔书写起来很流畅。
This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。
This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。
The recorder won’t play. 这录音机不转了。
The door won’t lock/ open. 门锁不上/ 打不开。

2.get型被动语态  

get +done表被动意义，相当于be+done  

He got paid by the month. 他是按月领薪水的。
He fell and got hurt. 他摔倒受伤了。 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。
His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。

3.It + be+过去分词+从句

It is said that she knows three languages. (=She is said to know three languages. ) 据说她懂三种语言。
It is reported that the American president will visit China next week. (= The American president is reported to visit China next week.) 据报道美国总统下周要访华。

4.常见的没有被动语态的动词及短语  

spread，happen, occur (发生)，take place, break out, belong to, come true, come into being, come out(出版)，come up(被提出), consist of（由……组成）, give out（用完，耗尽, run out（用完），turn out（证明是），turn up（出现），work out（产生，结果），date from/ back to(追溯到)等。

习题-现在完成时的被动语态

用所给动词的正确时态填空

1. —-Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special!

—-Yeah, it ______ （ build）for nearly 500 years .

2. More than 14, 000 books _____（collect）since the library  _____ （build）last month.

3. This is a photo of the power station that ______（set）up in my hometown.

4. How many workers ______（send） to build the railway recently?

5.Much information  ______（send）back to the earth since the spacemen began their exploration on the moon.

6. Much parking space in cities ________ (save) by using small cars. 7. This part of the sea ________ (explore) many times.

8.Al l the preparation for the task______（do）, and we’re ready to start.

9.I ______（employ）at this job since 1990.

10. A kind of new PC ______（build）with more functions recently.

11. I hear Jan’s life ______（improve）by the Internet.

12.The construction of the new railway lines______（finish）by the workers by now.

13. No comment ______（make） about the online database till now.

14. A great many fine cars ______（produce）by the car factory since the technological revolution.

15. Much ______（write）about the wonders of the World Wide Web since then.

16.It is said that the book ________ (translate) into several languages.

17. Look at the way the paths______（sweep）. You’d better do it again.

18. The child ______（take）care of by grandma all these years.

19.First as a PC and then as a laptop, I________(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.

20. Since the 1970s many new applications _______ (find) for me.

KEYS：

1.has been built 2.have been collected ;was built 3. has been set 4. have been sent 5.  has been sent

6. has been saved  7.has been explored 8. have been done 9. have been employed 10. has been built

11. has been improved 12. has been finished 13.has been made14. have been produced 15. has been written 

16. has been translated 17. have been swept 18. has bee taken 19.have been used 20.have been found

现在进行时、现在完成时的被动语态最先出现在Clarissa Study。

Definition & Examples

The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues until the present or has just finished. It is formed using the auxiliary verb “has/have” + the past participle of the main verb”done”.

Example sentences:

I have been living in this city for 5 years.
She has just finished reading the book.
They have been working on this project for months.

It is also used to describe a past experience or event with a connection to the present.

Example sentences:

I have visited Paris twice.
He has seen that movie three times.
We have been friends since childhood.

Here are some key words that are often associated with the present perfect tense:

already
yet
just
since
for
lately
recently
up to now
till now

Note that these words are not necessary to form the present perfect tense, but they can help you identify it in a sentence and also understand the time frame being referred to.

现在完成时-中文解析

Here are some exercises on the present perfect tense

Exercise 1:

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in present perfect tense:

I __________ (write) five letters this morning.
She __________ (live) in New York for 5 years.
We __________ (visit) the museum last week.
They __________ (study) for the exam since yesterday.
He __________ (read) two books this month.

Answers:

have written
has lived
have visited
have been studying
has read

Exercise 2:

Convert the following sentences from simple past to present perfect tense:

I went to the park yesterday.
She saw a movie last night.
They finished the project last week.
He visited his grandparents last month.
We had a picnic last Saturday.

Answers:

I have gone to the park yesterday.
She has seen a movie last night.
They have finished the project last week.
He has visited his grandparents last month.
We have had a picnic last Saturday.

Tense-现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense(CN/EN)最先出现在Clarissa Study。