观点态度类题目的解题策略及应用。

考点与考频

从近五年的高考真题卷来看，2018和2022年都没有涉及到观点态度题。2019至2021年分别有涉及到对作者的态度推断，对文中人物的特点推断等等。

【2019高考全国1卷阅读B篇】

27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?

A. Humorous.                         B. Ambitious.                      C. Caring.             D. Demanding.

【2020高考全国1卷阅读B篇】

27. What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He loves poetry.              B. He’s an editor.    C. He’s very ambitious.            D. He teaches reading.

【2021高考全国1卷阅读B篇】

25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?

A. Boring.                    B. Well-paid.                C. Demanding.                    D. Dangerous.

【2021高考全国1卷阅读B篇】

34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?

A. Favorable.               B. Intolerant.                C. Doubtful.                 D. Unclear.

作者态度

共分为赞同、否定、怀疑、客观、主观、积极、消极、中立八种态度。词汇如下：

1. 赞同（支持）
positive 肯定的, 实际的, 积极的,, 确实的
favorable 赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的
approval 赞成, 承认, 正式批准
enthusiasm 狂热, 热心, 积极性
supportive 支持，赞成

2. 否定（反对）
negative 否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的
disapproval 不赞成的
opposed  反对的                                          
critical 批评的
criticism 批评批判
disgusting 令人厌恶, 令人反感

3 怀疑（不确定）
suspicion 猜疑, 怀疑
suspicious (～ of) 可疑的, 怀疑的
uncertain  不确定的
doubtful 可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的
questionable 有疑问的，怀疑的
puzzling 使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的

4. 客观
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的
disinterested 无私的
unbiased 没有偏见的
unprejudiced 公平的, 无偏见的, 没有成见的
detached 不含个人偏见的

5. 主观
subjective 主观的, 个人的
indifference 不关心
tolerance 宽容，容忍，忍受
pessimism 悲观, 悲观主义
gloomy 黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的
optimistic 乐观的
sensitive 有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的
scared 恐惧的
reserved 保留的, 包租的
consent 同意, 赞成, 答应，同意, 赞成, 允诺
radical 激进的
moderate 中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和

6. 积极
objective 客观的
concerned 关注的
confident 自信的, 确信的
interested 感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的
optimistic 乐观的
positive 正面的
impressive 给人深刻印象的, 感人的

7. 中立/折中
impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的
neutral 中立的
impersonal 非个人的
factual 事实的, 实际的,根据事实的
detached 不含个人偏见

8. 消极 （通常不作为选项）
negative 消极的                          
indifferent 漠不关心的    
depressed 消沉的   
subjective 主观的                         
pessimistic 悲观的       
unconcerned 不关心的                     
contemptuous 轻蔑的, 侮辱的
hostile 敌对的, 敌方的                    
biased 片面的

Mindmap解析

题型训练

• 篇章一

A new property development in Austin, Texas is set to become the world’s largest community of 3D-printed homes. Scheduled to break ground next year, the project will feature 100 single-story houses with their roofs covered in solar cells. Printed on-site using advanced robotic construction and a concrete-based building material, each of the houses will take approximately a week to build.

According to ICON, a Texas-based construction firm specializing in 3D-printed structures, its technology is significantly faster and cheaper than conventional construction methods, partly because it requires less manual labor.

“Construction-scale 3D printing not only delivers homes faster and more affordably, but fleets of printers can change the way that entire communities are built for the better,” said Ballard，CEO of ICON. “The United States faces a deficit of approximately 5 million new homes, so there is an urgent need to swiftly increase supply without compromising quality, beauty, or sustainability and that is exactly the strength of our technology.”,

Advocates believe that the method can cut waste and carbon dioxide emissions. The ability of 3D printers to construct buildings without formwork can significantly reduce overall use of the material、which is responsible for about 8% of global CO2 emissions annually. A recent study in Singapore, for instance, found that constructing a bathroom unit using 3D printing produced almost 86% less carbon dioxide than conventional construction methods.

Critics have meanwhile pointed out that 3D concrete printing still relies on a non-renewable material, and that structures’ safety and stability are not specifically addressed by existing building codes.

Although ICON has yet to reveal prices for the project, Ballard claimed at a press conference that it could deliver a much higher-quality product to the housing market that is typically not available for low-income families. Hopefully, the technology can also be used to fight homelessness and may be employed during disaster relief.

“3D printing is not science fiction,” Ballard said at the time. “We have crossed that doorway from science fiction into reality. In the future，our bet is that this will be humanity’s best hope for a housing solution that matches our highest values and ideals.”

35.What’s the author’s attitude towards the project?

A. Critical.      B. Indifferent.       C. Objective.         D. Approving

首先，我们来观察这篇文章的语篇结构。它共有几个段落，大致的框架及意义是什么？

Para 1  The author introduced a topic , the project which is called 3D printed homes.

Para 2-3 It describes current condition of construction-scale 3D printing.

Para 4  Advocates state the advantages of 3D printed structure technology.

Para 5  Critics points out the disadvantage of 3D printing.

Para 6-7 The author concludes that 3D printing have come into a new future and expresses his attitude.

接着，我们具体来回顾一下每个段落中的几个细节处。

Scheduled to break ground next year, the project will feature 100 single-story houses with their roofs covered in solar cells. Printed on-site using advanced robotic construction and a concrete-based building material, each of the houses will take approximately a week to build. 【para 1】

According to ICON, a Texas-based construction firm specializing in 3D-printed structures, its technology is significantly faster and cheaper than conventional construction methods, partly because it requires less manual labor. 【para 2】

Advocates believe that the method can cut waste and carbon dioxide emissions. 【para 4】

Critics have meanwhile pointed out that 3D concrete printing still relies on a non-renewable material, and that structures’ safety and stability are not specifically addressed by existing building codes. 【para 5】

While虽然

Although ICON has yet to reveal prices for the project, Ballard claimed at a press conference that it could deliver a much higher-quality product to the housing market that is typically not available for low-income families. Hopefully, the technology can also be used to fight homelessness and may be employed during disaster relief. 【para 6】

“3D printing is not science fiction,” Ballard said at the time. “We have crossed that doorway from science fiction into reality. In the future，our bet is that this will be humanity’s best hope for a housing solution that matches our highest values and ideals.” 【para 7】

结合题目，我们尝试来做题：

35.What’s the author’s attitude towards the project?

A. Critical.      B. Indifferent.       C. Objective.         D. Approving

【注意】

1 态度的特点有哪些？

内隐性：本身无法直接测定的，必须从个人的行为或行为有关的语言行为

方向性：态度总是具有赞成或反对的方向性特点

复杂性：捕捉的难度

2 客观态度和主观态度的区分

它们的不同点在哪里？

3 客观是否等于中立？

4 客观和赞成怎么区分？赞成—倾向于主观

【对应原文】“3D printing is not science fiction,” Ballard said at the time. “We have crossed that doorway from science fiction into reality. In the future，our bet is that this will be humanity’s best hope for a housing solution that matches our highest values and ideals.”

大意：“3D打印不是科幻小说”，巴拉德当时说。“我们已经从科幻小说进入现实。未来，我们的赌注是，这将是人类对住房解决方案的最大希望，它符合我们的最高价值观和理想。”

由此可知，作者看到了它的优点，也看到了它的不足。所以他的态度是客观的。

• 例题巩固（10分钟）

（2022·北京房山·一模）

There should be no doubt in anyone’s mind that the influence of media is growing stronger and stronger as time passes. If you have noticed, the speed at which news travels around the world has become faster with the development and advancement in technology Media are actually influencing people in different ways.

Whether you admit it or not, watching movies and programs on the television or our laptop. ipad and other mobile devices as we relax takes us away into this different kingdom—that is, there are parts in our being that feels we are the ones in the movie and sometimes we even feel what they are feeling as we get caught in the emotional excitement. The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.

With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. There are cartoon programs that show acts of violence and dishonest acts against others. In return, children tend to copy the characters and think that cheating other people is a way to deal with their problems. They learn to transfer these ill behaviors to friends.

There are some television shows and movies that attempt to create an atmosphere to change the view of people towards social issues such as racial discrimination. In the minds of other people, the effect can be for the better, but some unfortunately for the worse.

There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress. There was also a case where somebody set a subway ticket booth on fire because he saw it in his favorite film. These are just a few examples of the disturbing influence of media on people’s behavior.

An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality. They get caught up in the kingdom of what they had been watching and the images and scenes become deeply rooted in their minds.

So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it.

12．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 2?

A．What it is that changes our emotion.

B．How media affect people’s behavior.

C．Why we are attracted by movies and programs.

D．Whether people feel being taken away from the reality.

13．According to the author, some people act badly because________.

A．they are just the violent people

B．they hope to solve social problems

C．they actually can’t tell fantasy from reality

D．they want to change people’s attitudes towards media

14．What’s the author’s attitude towards media?

A．Sympathetic.  B．Critical.          C．Supportive.    D．Cautious.

15．The author supports his ideas mainly by________.

A．making contrasts and giving examples

B．listing facts and giving research results

C．raising problems and providing solutions

D．showing facts and presenting explanations

• 有关作者态度题的做题步骤：
• 通读全文，把握主旨
• 捕捉文章中的段落主旨及框架性的句子

（3）捕捉和态度有关的语言及词汇

展示题目【答案】BCBD

习题-Exercises

2022广州市一模

Several years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.

“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King. a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs, author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.

Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives, the engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.

      Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the  place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.

32. Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?

A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.

B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.

C. To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.

D. To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.

33. Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?

A. The fight against climate change will not succeed.

B. Technology is-not the final solution, let alone its high cost.

C. It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.

D. Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.

34. What is Grey Childs’s attitude to human’s controlling the climate?

 A. Favorable      B. Tolerant           C. Doubtful.         D. Unclear.

35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. But should we fix the climate?

B. Is climate change a real problem?

C. How can we take care of the earth?

D. What if all the glaciers disappeared?

阅读理解-观点态度题最先出现在Clarissa Study。

文体

考察记叙文、说明文、应用文、夹叙夹议文

一、记叙文

1. 记叙文六要素（5W+1H）

（what, when, where, who, why, how）

2. 故事发展通常会有转折点（turning point）

3. 结尾阐明道理或表达情感态度，通常在文章最后揭示。

二、说明文

1. 主题鲜明，层次结构严谨，常见结构形式：

总分式；总分总式；分总式；

并列式；递进式等 2. 阅读抓住文章主旨，段落大意。

三、应用文

1. 应用文是实现特定目的服务的，常见形式有：

广告、邮件、网页、图标、便函等；

2. 文章细节信息很多，抓住关键信息；

3. 考试时先读题干，确定关键词，在原文搜索信息位置。

解题技巧

1. 首先，先花1-2分钟，大概浏览文章第一段、每一段的首句、最后一段结尾，确认文章主题以及段落大意，了解文章结构和信息的组织方式。

2. 阅读题目时，要先读题干，了解问题的要求，然后再读选项，根据文章的信息和自己的理解，选出最符合文意的选项。

3. 对于部分考生来说，单词量不够或者专业词汇不熟悉是阅读理解的主要瓶颈。这时候，可以通过阅读大量的英文原版书籍和文章，培养自己的阅读能力，同时可以积累一些常考的阅读词汇。

4. 在阅读理解中，考生需要掌握标点符号和连接词的含义，关注文章中的转折、因果关系和比较等，从中推测出正确答案。

5. 阅读理解中的第一段和最后一段通常是文章的重点部分，学生需要重点关注这两个部分的信息。

6. 阅读理解中遇到不懂的单词或者词组，不要直接在字典中查询，应该根据上下文的信息推测其意思。

（7）What do you think would happen at the end of the story?

题型考察与常考词汇

阅读常考词汇

细节理解

1. 直接细节题

2. 细节排序题

3. 细节判断题

4. 细节计算题

推理判断

推理判断题常见提问方式：

（1） What can be inferred（推断）/ concluded（得出结论）from the passage（文段）?

（2）The passage is intended（意图）/suggests(暗示) to …

（3）The author’s attitude（态度） towards… is….

（4）The writer’s purpose（目的） in writing this story is….

（5）What does the last/first/… sentence of the passage imply（暗示）?

（6）Which of the following（下列事物） might happen later ?

1. 针对细节和事实的推理判断

2. 针对上下文之间逻辑关系的推断

一篇结构严谨的短文，句子或段落之间都有一定的语义逻辑关系。因此，阅读时，只理解个别句子的意思是不够的。要能体会上下文之间的逻辑关系。逻辑关系主要分为以下几种：

因果关系：for, since, because of, that is why, so, therefore

对比关系: whereas, unlike, instead, otherwise, however, nevertheless, on the contrary

让步关系：although, even though, despite, after all

概括关系：finally, generally, in a word, in conclusion, in short

强调关系：indeed, above all, surely, most important 补充说明关系：in fact, as a matter of fact, in addition, in this case, furthermore

3. 针对作者观点及文章出处推测

作者的态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰性的词语之中。

常见题型有：

（1）What’s the author’s main point?

（2）The author seems to agree that_________

（3）In the author’s opinion,________

（4）According to the author,________

（5）This author’s attitude towards …. can best be described as_____

（6）The author’s main purpose in writing this paragraph is to______.

（7）The tone of this passage is best described as_________

词义猜测

1. 指示代入法

2. 上下文联系法

主旨大意

主旨大意题常见提问方式：

What is the passage mainly about/ what is the best title?

广州中考-阅读理解-考察题型与解题技巧最先出现在Clarissa Study。