不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语，本章节主要讲解不定式作定语和状语的用法。

动词不定式的形式

1.不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时（几乎同时）发生或在谓语动词之后发生。

I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。

I’d like to be told what’s going on. 我希望被告知正在发生什么。

2.不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生且正在进行。

I happened to be watching TV when she called. 她打电话来时，我恰巧正在看电视。

3.不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

They seem to have cleaned the house. 他们似乎已经打扫过这座房子了。

The factory is reported to have been burnt down. 据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。

4.不定式的被动语态：不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者。

She felt puzzled to be asked such a question. 被问了这样一个问题，她很疑惑。

不定式作定语

1.不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生、将来的动作。

I have many letters to write. 我有许多信要写。

The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。

2.在序数词、形容词最高级、顺序词（the last，the next等）、the only、等修饰的名词/代词后用不定式作后置定语。(动词不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系)

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。

Lily was the only one to stay for the whole speech. Lily是唯一一个整场讲座留下来的人。

The youngest person to enter this university was just fourteen. 进入到这所大学年纪最小的人只有十四岁。

3.不定代词（something，anything等）习惯上用不定式作定语。例如：

Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. 虽然我们取得了很大的进步，但仍有许多地方需要改进。

Have you got anything to cure my bad cold. 你有治疗我重感冒的东西吗？

4.在某些由动词、形容词派生的名词，由于他们的词根配不定式（如decide to do; be able to do; plan to do)，因而这些名词后也常接不定式作定语，常见的有∶decision、ability、plan、promise、plan、offer、warming、attempt，willingness，tendency等等。

Does he have the ability to do the job? 他有做这份工作的能力吗？

I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit. 我不相信他来这参观的承诺。

She said she had no plans to go there. 她说她没有去那里的打算。

5.用于说明某些名词的内容，这类词有：chance，opportunity，reason，courage，way等。例如：

We have a good reason to believe that he is lying.我们有很好的理由相信他在说谎。

You must have the courage to say “No”.你必须要有说“不”的勇气。

注意：

1、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。

I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间房子住。

Can I borrow a pen to write with? 我可以借一只可以写字的笔吗？

2、不定式作定语需要后置。

3、作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语(逻辑上的主谓关系)或逻辑宾语(逻辑上的动宾关系)或修饰性关系(同位关系)。

①动宾关系：

I have a lot of work to do(要做)．

Give me a piece of paper to write on(写).

②主谓关系：

Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat(登上救生艇)．

③修饰性关系：不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词，如：need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement…

There is no need for him to come.

He has no time to read the book.

[提示]　为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果不定式所修饰的词是way或place，介词可省略。

It is a comfortable sofa to sit on.

He has no way to go.

This is the best place to work

不定式作状语

不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。

不定式可以在句子中作状语，通常可用来表示目的、结果、原因等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

 1.不定式作目的状语

They came here to seek a new life.他们来这里寻求一种新生活。

 He started early in order not to be late.为了不迟到，他早早就动身了。

不定式前可加in order或者so as构成以下两个句式做目的状语，功能同“to do”

（1）in order to+动词原形（可置于句首或句尾），意为“为了”。例如：

（2）so as to+动词原形（只能至于句末，不能置于句首）意为“为了”。例如：

John went to California in order to make a fortune.

2. 不定式作结果状语（通常出现在句尾,常用于固定搭配中：only to do; too…to do；so…as to do; such…as to do; …enough to do）

（1）表示出人意料或者不太好的结果时，用only to do.

 I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.我匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。

（2）“too …to …”结构常表示”太……而不能……”

He is too weak to do the work.他身体太弱，不能做这项工作。

注意：

①但 too 之前如果有only 时，则不定式表肯定。因为only too表示”非常;很”之意。

I’ll be only too pleased to help them out with any questions.我非常乐意为他们答疑解惑。

②too后如果是 happy, glad, pleased, satisfied, ready之类的形容词时，不定式也表示肯定意义。

She was too happy to meet her friend in the street.在街上遇到她的好朋友她很高兴。

（3）so +adj./adv.+as (not) to do 或such +n.+as (not) to do句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。例如：

The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这个房子又高又狭窄，像一座塔。

I’m such a fool as to think that she is a warm-hearted woman.我真傻，竟以为她是个热心肠的女人。

（4）adj./adv. + enough to do，意为“足以去做……”。例如：

The rooms are all large enough to take a third bed.这些房间都很大，足够放下第三张床。

3. 不定式作原因状语（一般不置于句首）：不定式的动作先于谓语动词，但很少用完成式。大部分表达情感等的原因。有以下3种句型：

（1）主语+be+表情绪或感情的形容词+不定式，用于这一结构的形容词主要有：afraid，angry，anxious，glad，happy，sorry，amazed，delighted，disappointed，excited，shocked，surprised。例如：

I am glad to see you.见到你很高兴。

We were very excited to hear the news.我们听到这个消息很兴奋。

（2）主语+表示情感的不及物动词+不定式。例如：

I couldn’t but laugh to hear such a funny story.听到这样一个有趣的故事，我忍不住笑了。

He smiled to think of a clever plan.想到一个聪明的计划，他笑了。

（3）主语+be+说明人的品质或行为的形容词+不定式。例如：

The boy was rude to speak to the teacher like that.那个男孩对老师那样说话很无礼。

The boy was clever to solve the problem so quickly.这个男孩这么快就解决了这个问题，真聪明。

注意：

不定式短语还可作独立成分，位于句首、句中或句末作状语。常见的短语有: to be exact(确切地说), to

begin with (首先)，to do him justice(说句对他公道的话), to be sure(诚然)，to be honest(实话说)。

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

一、完成句子

1．Jessie有了一个可以玩的新玩具。Jessie got a new toy __________________．

2．她没有可以依赖的朋友。She has no friend  __________________．

3．为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。

____________________________________，we must work hard.

4．公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。The bus stopped __________________________________．

5．令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。

We were astonished _________________ still in its original condition.

6．我匆忙赶到机场，结果发现John已经走了。

I rushed to the airport _________________ that John had gone.

二、单句语法填空

1．He liked nothing but __________ (watch) TV.

2．__________ (find) out more about the computer course，visit this website.

3. He is always the first __________ (come) to school.

4．__________ (tell) the truth, I am not happy at the moment.

5．The meeting__________ (hold) tomorrow is important.

6．We didn’t expect there __________ (be) so many people.

7．I tried to persuade him __________ (agree) to your proposal.

8．They don’t allow these books __________ (take)out of the reading room.

9．They did all they could __________ (save) the child.

10．I am glad __________ (work) with you now.

三、短文语法填空

Recently in the US，more students prefer 1.________(leave) the campus and study in a foreign country for half 2.________ one year.

Some people may be 3.________(frighten)：communicating in a foreign language，leaving friends and adjusting to a new environment are very difficult for students 4.________(study) abroad.However，the experience students have abroad is often impossible to gain at their home universities.

“Globally，there is so much 5.________(do)．I’m hoping 6.________(go) somewhere and experience something I wouldn’t get at home，”a student who intended 7.________(study) abroad said.

It was said that the increase had something to do with the universities’ promise that they encourage students to study overseas.The universities have been 8.________(real) good about saying that students need 9.________(go) abroad.

For many American students，some of the most important lessons abroad are those 10.________(experience) outside the classroom. Students can have deep opinions.Even very small cultural difference can surprise the students.

KEYS:

一、完成句子

1． to play with．

2．to depend on．

3．To pass the college entrance examination，we must work hard.

4．The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers．

5．We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.

6． I rushed to the airport，only to find that John had gone.

二、单句语法填空

1．He liked nothing but to watch(watch) TV.

2．To find(find) out more about the computer course，visit this website.

3. He is always the first to come (come) to school.

4．To tell(tell) the truth, I am not happy at the moment.

5．The meeting to be held(hold) tomorrow is important.

6．We didn’t expect there to be(be) so many people.

7．I tried to persuade him to agree(agree) to your proposal.

8．They don’t allow these books to be taken (take)out of the reading room.

9．They did all they could to save(save) the child.

10．I am glad to be working(work) with you now.

三、短文语法填空

1.to leave　2.or　3.frightened　4.to study　5.to do　6.to go　7.to study　8.really　9.to go　10.experienced

非谓语-不定式to do-作定语和状语最先出现在Clarissa Study。

过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加 – ed 构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语（作定语和宾补请看上一章）、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

作表语

过去分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成系表结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或状态。

其前的系动词可以是表状态的：be，keep, stay, remain等；表示“变成”的：become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的：  look, sound, feel等。

1、表“情感类”的过去分词done作表语，已具有形容词词性，表示“人感到……”。注意：这类词的现在分词doing表示“令人……”。

Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。

You looked frightened. 你看起来很害怕。

He became interested in two theories.他对两种理论产生了兴趣。

The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。

2、有些过去分词作表语，含“被动”之意，但强调主语所处的状态。

注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，强调主语是动作的承受者。

This shop is now closed．商店关门了。

The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。

Mary is dressed in red. 玛丽穿着红色的衣服。

The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。（强调状态）

The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。（强调动作）

作状语

分词可作时间，条件，原因，让步，结果，方式，伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时，用来修饰一个句子，分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语保持一致。过去分词作状语时，和该句子的主语构成被动关系。

1、作时间状语

Opened in 1955(= When Disneyland was opened in 1955), Disneyland in California is regarded as the original fun park. 在1955年被开放，加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园被认为是非常有趣的原始的游乐场。

2、作条件状语

Given more time (=If we are given more time), we will do it better. 如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。

3、作原因状语

Bitten twice by our dog(=Because the postman had been bitten twice by our dog), the postman refused to deliver our letters. 由于被我家的狗咬过两次,那个邮递员拒绝给我们送信。

4、作让步状语

Told many times(= Although he was told many times), he still couldn’t understand it.  虽然被告诉了好几遍，但她仍然不理解。

5、作方式或伴随状语

The teacher came in,  followed (= and was followed) by his students. 老师进来了，后面跟着他的学生。

注意事项

注意一：和现在分词作状语的区别

现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语构成被动关系。

Seeing his mother, the baby stopped crying.一看见妈妈，婴儿停止哭泣。(句子的主语the baby 和see 构成主动关系)

Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. 从山顶看，城市更美丽。(句子的主语the city 和see构成被动关系)

注意二：“连词+doing/ done”句型

有些分词作状语，可在分词前加连词when，while，whenever，if, though/ although, once, until/ till, unless, as, even if/ though, as if/ though等。即：

①连词+doing（表主动，进行）

②连词+done（表被动，完成）

While waiting for a bus(=while he was waiting for a bus), he met an old friend. 他在等车时，遇到了一位老朋友。

He will not attend the party unless invited (=unless he is invited).除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。

All is going well as planned/scheduled. (=as it is planned/scheduled). 一切都按原计划进展顺利。

转化成形容词的分词

1、一些表示情感类的现在分词doing（令人……），过去分词done（人感到……）

 此类常见词汇：amaze（惊奇）, amuse（高兴、开心）, astonish（惊异、吃惊）, annoy（厌烦）, bore（烦恼）, confuse（迷惑）, depress（抑郁）, disappoint（失望）, delight（快乐）,  encourage（鼓舞）, embarrass（尴尬、难为情）, excite（激动）, frighten（害怕）,interest（感兴趣）, impress（印象深刻）, move（感动）, please（高兴）,puzzle（迷惑）,relax（放松）, satisfy（满意）, surprise（惊讶）, shock（震惊）,tire（疲劳、厌烦）, terrify（可怕）, touch（打动）, thrill（兴奋）, worry（担心） 等。

（注意：修饰人的声音，表情等，用-ed形式：his excited voice/look/expression他兴奋的声音/表情）

It was a tiring day. It made me tired.真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。

The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 这个讲解是令人费解的，我被弄糊涂了。
Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.虽然看到我们感到很吃惊，教授热烈欢迎我们。

Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。

2、“系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性，可直接作状语，定语，表语，补足语等。

 此类常见词汇：addicted（上瘾的），  absorbed（专心于……的），accustomed（习惯的），born（出生的） , based on（以……为基础）， broken（破碎的）， connected（有关连的）, dressed（穿着），devoted（忠实的；献身于……的）, determined（决心的）， exposed（暴露的），equipped/furnished（装备好的），faced with（面对） ，  hidden（藏着的），  injured（受伤），  lost（陷入、丢失、迷路的），  located（坐落于……的，位于……的）, occupied（已占用的、忙于…的），prepared for（准备的），related to （有关系的） ，  seated（坐着的）， worn out（用旧的，精疲力尽的）等。

Dressed in red, Mary looks more beautiful.（作状语）

The girl dressed in red is Mary.（作定语）

Mary is dressed in red. （作表语）

I found Mary dressed in red . （作宾补）

Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。（作表语）

Seated/ Sitting at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly. 由于坐在教室后面，他看不清黑板上的字。（作状语）

When I came in, I found a strange girl seated/sitting in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生女孩坐在角落里。（作宾补）

Faced with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice. 面对困难的局势，他决定征求老板的建议。（作状语）

Mindmap解析-过去分词done-作表语和状语

习题-Exercises

Fill in the blank with the right form of the words provided.

1. __________（paint） in dark colours, the room needed some bright lights.

2. ___________（unemploy）, Dave had time to consider what job he really wanted.

3. ___________（move） by his romantic words, the girl accepted his gift.

4. __________（correct） by his teacher from time to time, he lost interest in singing.

5. _________（record） in a new way, the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.

6. __________（invite） to perform on the stage, he felt nervous and excited.

7.The_________look on her face suggested that she was ________ by the ________ scene.（frighten）

8.The news was________ and they were all ________ at it.（excite）

9. We all felt __________ at the __________news. （encourage）

10.The audience were all ________ to tears by the ________film.（move）

11.Children, when ________（accompany） by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.

12.While waiting for the opportunity to get _________（promote）,Henry did his best to perform his duty.

13.Why do you always look ________（tire）?

14.I was ________（disappoint） at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.

15.Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, ________（absorb） in his video games.

16._______（lose） in thought, he didn’t hear the bell.

17. Highly _______（interest） in music, Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.

18._______（please） with his music and songs, they finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.

19.Though _______（affect） by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.

20.______（absorb） in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.

KEYS：

1. Painted  2.Unemployed  3.Moved  4.Corrected  5.Recorded

6.Invited 7. frightened ;frightened; frightening  8. exciting; excited  9.encouraged ; encouraging  10.moved; moving 

11.accompanied  12.promoted  13.tired   14.disappointed  15.absorbed 

16.Lost  17. interested  18. Pleased 19. affected 20. Absorbed

非谓语-过去分词done-作表语和状语最先出现在Clarissa Study。

现在分词一般表示主动的和进行的动作。 规则动词的现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成。现在分词一般在句子中可作的成分与过去分词done一样，可作定语、宾语补足语（作定语和宾补请看上一章）、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

作表语

（一）现在分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成系表结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或状态。

其前的系动词可以是表状态的：be，keep, stay, remain等；表示“变成”的：become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的：  look, sound, feel等。

1、表“情感类”的现在分词doing表示“令人……”，已具有形容词词性。注意：这类词的过去分词done作表语，表示“人感到……”。

用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。

(1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。

(2)动词－ing形式作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词－ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。

The present situation is encouraging.(表语)目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。

The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(现在进行时)目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。

The problem is quite pressing.(表语)问题很紧迫。

She is pressing the button.(现在进行时)她正在按电钮。

（二）v．­ing形式作表语可分为两种情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。

• My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。
• My job is teaching.我的工作是教书。

现在分词和动名词作表语时的区别：第一句中的interesting为现在分词，它表示“工作”的特征；第二句中的teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明。正因为如此，动名词作表语时可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置。

误：Interesting is my job.

正：Teaching is my job.

作状语

现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随、评论性状语、独立主格结构等，相当于状语从句。

1、作时间状语，位于句子前半部分，可与when, while引导的时间状语从句相互转换;有时分词前加when或while以示强调。

When(when可省略) comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences. = When we are comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences. 在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。

2、作原因状语，表示原因，位于句子前半部分，可与as, since, because引导的原因状语从句相互转换。

Being ill, she didn’t go to school as usual today.=Because she was ill, she didn’t go to school as usual today. 因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。

Not coming on time, he was punished.＝ Because he didn’t come on time，he was punished.(原因)
因为没有按时来，他受到了惩罚。

3、作条件状语，位于句子前半部分，可与if, unless等引导的条件状语从句相互转换。

Turning right, you will find the circus you want.=If you turn right, you will find the circus you want.

向右转，你会找到你想找的马戏团。

4、作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时现在分词(短语)前可带有连词although, even if, even though等。

Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Though they know all this, they made me pay for the damage. .尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。

5、结果状语，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus,相当于so或so that引导的结果状语从句。

The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children. 那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。

Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 1500万棵树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。

6、方式或伴随状语，谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。

He sat at the table reading China Daily. = He sat at the table and read China Daily他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》。

7、评论性状语，有些现在分词(短语)没有逻辑主语而独立存在，往往位于句首用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。

如：Judging from/by 由….判断         

Considering..考虑到…..   

Supposing/providing/assuming..如果/假设…..

Generally/ strictly /honestly/roughly/frankly speaking   一般/严格/诚实/大致/坦率说来

Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.就对方的实力而论，我们能进两个球就很不错了。

Generally speaking, the parks are full on holidays. 一般来说，假日里公园都挤满人。

8、独立主格结构

有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。

There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。

Not doing结构

现在分词的否定结构：现在分词的否定式由“not＋现在分词”构成。

Not knowing where to go，she went to the police for help. 不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。

Not being seen by anyone，the thief escaped. 趁着没被任何人看见，小偷逃跑了。

Not having done it right，I tried again. 第一次没做对，我又尝试了一次。

现在分词的时态

(1)一般式：现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

She sat there，reading a novel. 她坐在那里看小说。

A little child learning to walk often falls. 学走路的小孩常常跌倒。

(2)现在分词的完成式：所表示的动作通常在谓语动词的动作之前发生。

Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。

Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。

现在分词的被动式

现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语与现在分词动作是被动关系。

(1)现在分词的一般被动式：being done 正在被…….

The building being built is our library. 正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。

Being repaired，the swimming pool won’t open until next month.由于正在被修理，直到下个月游泳池才会开放。

(2)现在分词的完成被动式：Having been done 被…之后，……

Having been warned by the teacher，the students didn’t make such mistakes.被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。

Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.被教授好多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。

Mindmap解析-现在分词doing-作表语和状语

习题-Exercises

一、按动词的适当形式填空。

1. These lanterns hanging along the street are ____________ (amaze)．

2. The news is so  ____________ (excite) that all the students jumped with joy.

3. The workers’ task is ____________ (collect) information from all the material.

4. Her job is ____________ (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.

5. Hearing the ____________ (interest) story，everyone became happier from then on.

6. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is nest to him ,  ____________ (whisper) support.

7. The researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times ____________ (use) the smart keyboard.

8. As I approached mile 23 ,I could see my wife ____________ (wave) a sign.

9. In the 1960s ,while ___________ (study) the volcanic history of Yellow tone National Park ,Bob Christiansen bacame puzzled about something.

10. They will come rushing in , ____________ (say) their handbag`s been stolen.

11. We all grew up  ____________ (hear) people tell us to “go out and some fresh air”.

12. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing , ______________ (change) the face of Kilimanjaro.

13. _______________ (understand) her good intentions ,I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation

14. She sat at the desk ____________ (do) her homework.

15. Newly­built wooden cottages line the street ______________ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.

KEYS：1-5 amazing, exciting, collecting, keeping, interesting,

6-10 whispering, using, waving, studying, saying,

11-15 hearing, changing, Understanding, doing, turning

二、完成句子

1．因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。

__________________________________________，he asked the teacher about it.

2．中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。

More highways have been built in China，__________________________________________for people to travel from one place to another.

3．有人看见嫌疑犯进入了这座大楼。

The suspect __________________________________________the building.

4．他让灯着了一整晚，这使他父母很生气。

He__________________________________________all night，which made his parents very angry.

5．我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。

I__________________________________________to your dad like that.

KEYS：

1．Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.

2．More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

3．The suspect was seen entering the building.

4．He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.

5．I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.

非谓语-现在分词doing-作表语和状语最先出现在Clarissa Study。