定义
现在分词一般表示主动的和进行的动作。 规则动词的现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成。现在分词一般在句子中可作的成分与过去分词done一样，可作定语、宾语补足语（作定语和宾补请看上一章）、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
作表语
（一）现在分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成系表结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或状态。
其前的系动词可以是表状态的：be，keep, stay, remain等；表示“变成”的：become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的： look, sound, feel等。
1、表“情感类”的现在分词doing表示“令人……”，已具有形容词词性。注意：这类词的过去分词done作表语，表示“人感到……”。
用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。
(1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。
(2)动词－ing形式作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词－ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。
The present situation is encouraging.(表语)目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。
The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(现在进行时)目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。
The problem is quite pressing.(表语)问题很紧迫。
She is pressing the button.(现在进行时)她正在按电钮。
（二）v．ing形式作表语可分为两种情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。
- My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。
- My job is teaching.我的工作是教书。
现在分词和动名词作表语时的区别：第一句中的interesting为现在分词，它表示“工作”的特征；第二句中的teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明。正因为如此，动名词作表语时可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置。
误：Interesting is my job.
正：Teaching is my job.
作状语
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随、评论性状语、独立主格结构等，相当于状语从句。
1、作时间状语，位于句子前半部分，可与when, while引导的时间状语从句相互转换;有时分词前加when或while以示强调。
When(when可省略) comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences. = When we are comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences. 在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。
2、作原因状语，表示原因，位于句子前半部分，可与as, since, because引导的原因状语从句相互转换。
Being ill, she didn’t go to school as usual today.=Because she was ill, she didn’t go to school as usual today. 因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。
Not coming on time, he was punished.＝ Because he didn’t come on time，he was punished.(原因)
因为没有按时来，他受到了惩罚。
3、作条件状语，位于句子前半部分，可与if, unless等引导的条件状语从句相互转换。
Turning right, you will find the circus you want.=If you turn right, you will find the circus you want.
向右转，你会找到你想找的马戏团。
4、作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时现在分词(短语)前可带有连词although, even if, even though等。
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Though they know all this, they made me pay for the damage. .尽管知道了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。
5、结果状语，表示必然的结果，通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加thus,相当于so或so that引导的结果状语从句。
The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children. 那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。
Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 1500万棵树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。
6、方式或伴随状语，谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。
He sat at the table reading China Daily. = He sat at the table and read China Daily他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》。
7、评论性状语，有些现在分词(短语)没有逻辑主语而独立存在，往往位于句首用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。
如：Judging from/by 由….判断
Considering..考虑到…..
Supposing/providing/assuming..如果/假设…..
Generally/ strictly /honestly/roughly/frankly speaking 一般/严格/诚实/大致/坦率说来
Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.就对方的实力而论，我们能进两个球就很不错了。
Generally speaking, the parks are full on holidays. 一般来说，假日里公园都挤满人。
8、独立主格结构
有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。
There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands. 她坐在桌子后面，双手托着下巴。
Not doing结构
现在分词的否定结构：现在分词的否定式由“not＋现在分词”构成。
Not knowing where to go，she went to the police for help. 不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。
Not being seen by anyone，the thief escaped. 趁着没被任何人看见，小偷逃跑了。
Not having done it right，I tried again. 第一次没做对，我又尝试了一次。
现在分词的时态
(1)一般式：现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
She sat there，reading a novel. 她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning to walk often falls. 学走路的小孩常常跌倒。
(2)现在分词的完成式：所表示的动作通常在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
Having lived in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
现在分词的被动式
现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语与现在分词动作是被动关系。
(1)现在分词的一般被动式：being done 正在被…….
The building being built is our library. 正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
Being repaired，the swimming pool won’t open until next month.由于正在被修理，直到下个月游泳池才会开放。
(2)现在分词的完成被动式：Having been done 被…之后，……
Having been warned by the teacher，the students didn’t make such mistakes.被老师警告之后，学生们不再犯这样的错误了。
Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.被教授好多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。
Mindmap解析-现在分词doing-作表语和状语
习题-Exercises
一、按动词的适当形式填空。
1. These lanterns hanging along the street are ____________ (amaze)．
2. The news is so ____________ (excite) that all the students jumped with joy.
3. The workers’ task is ____________ (collect) information from all the material.
4. Her job is ____________ (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.
5. Hearing the ____________ (interest) story，everyone became happier from then on.
6. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is nest to him , ____________ (whisper) support.
7. The researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times ____________ (use) the smart keyboard.
8. As I approached mile 23 ,I could see my wife ____________ (wave) a sign.
9. In the 1960s ,while ___________ (study) the volcanic history of Yellow tone National Park ,Bob Christiansen bacame puzzled about something.
10. They will come rushing in , ____________ (say) their handbag`s been stolen.
11. We all grew up ____________ (hear) people tell us to “go out and some fresh air”.
12. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing , ______________ (change) the face of Kilimanjaro.
13. _______________ (understand) her good intentions ,I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation
14. She sat at the desk ____________ (do) her homework.
15. Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street ______________ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.
KEYS：1-5 amazing, exciting, collecting, keeping, interesting,
6-10 whispering, using, waving, studying, saying,
11-15 hearing, changing, Understanding, doing, turning
二、完成句子
1．因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
__________________________________________，he asked the teacher about it.
2．中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
More highways have been built in China，__________________________________________for people to travel from one place to another.
3．有人看见嫌疑犯进入了这座大楼。
The suspect __________________________________________the building.
4．他让灯着了一整晚，这使他父母很生气。
He__________________________________________all night，which made his parents very angry.
5．我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
I__________________________________________to your dad like that.
KEYS：
1．Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.
2．More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
3．The suspect was seen entering the building.
4．He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.
5．I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.