先问一个问题：在续写时，形容人物的情绪心理时用sb. feel xx，描述人物眼前场景时用sb. see xx，老是用“人物+动作/情绪动词”？

无灵主语句，非人称作主语，即“无灵主语”，表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等。无灵主语句，是指用无生命的事物做主语，用人或社会团体的行为或动作做谓语，因此这类句子常带有拟人化的修辞色彩。在表达中往往语言更生动多样，是一种夺分必备的高级句型——无灵主语句。也对情绪、动作、心理和神态等众多无灵主语句子表达，进行了分类梳理。

例句：

1.翻译：我无法用言语表达我的感受。

有灵主语句: I cannot express how I feel.

无灵主语句: Words fail me!

2.翻译：她伤心不已。

有灵主语句：He cried sadly.

无灵主语句：A sadness came over her.

结构（与汉语句子结构对比）

有灵动词：有生命的事物的动作和行为，如：see, find, bring, give, escape, witness, seize, deny…

汉语常用句子结构: animate subject(有灵主语) + animate verb(有灵动词)

I love all my students. (有灵主语 I)

英语常用句子结构：inanimate subject(无灵主语) + animate verb(有灵动词)

My love goes to all my students. (无灵主语love )

功能意义

1.增加主语多样性，丰富句型

Life has taught me that success is not final. So l always stay humble and never let it go to my head.

2.使语言更生动，表达丰富，句子瞬间充满生命力

(1) l was so excited and words slipped out of my mouth …

(2)The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.

3.增加表达的客观性

We carried out more experiments and found some exciting results.

→Further experiments brought us some exciting results.

4.文学作品中给人一种庄重、典雅的感觉

Thus, the gathering(渐渐暗下来的) dusk often finds (发现) me hastening home in a hurrying crowd. Whether it rains or snows, windy or foggy, it is the longing to home that quickens (加快) my step.

分类&运用

1、用于情感状态的抽象名词作主语+谓语

常见的情绪名词：happiness, joy, delight 开心快乐；excitement兴奋；surprise, astonishment 惊奇，惊讶；shame 羞耻，羞愧；anger 愤怒；despair 绝望；regret 遗憾，后悔；sorrow 悲伤；horror 惊恐；anxiety 焦虑；disappointment 失望，沮丧；satisfaction 满意，满足；puzzlement 困惑，不解；eagerness渴望等。

常见的谓语动词：seize 侵袭；choke 噎住堵住；flood 充满；creep 不知不觉产生；grip 紧抓；give way to ；wash over 洗涤，侵袭；deserted 丢弃，遗弃；well up涌出等。

在续写中写到人物的情绪或心理时，别总用sb feel/is…, 使用上述词构成的无灵主语句，句子瞬间得到升华。

句子范例

① Anxiety tore him into pieces.   他焦虑万分，肝肠寸断。

② Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam. 一想到考试的失败，他就万念俱灰。

③ A wild excitement took hold of her. 她兴奋极了。

④ A chill of horror suddenly swept over him. 他突然感到不寒而栗。

2、行为动作的名词作主语+谓语

常见的行为动作类名词：thought想法, glance一瞥, look看到, idea想法, feeling感受, walk走路；sight看到等。

常见的谓语动词：overwhelm 压倒；strike 打击侵袭；arouse 唤起；fill… with 充满…；change 改变；bring 带来等。还有使令动词如remind, make, let, lead, send, leave, drive等。

在续写中描写人物动作或思考行为时，无灵主语句将人的动作和思考行为拟人化，让续写的表达更多样生动。

句子范例

①The sight of the scene filled me with horror.   看到这个情景我心中充满了恐惧。

②A terrible thought suddenly struck me.   我突然想到一个可怕的想法。

③A ten minutes’ walk brought us to the hotel. 我们步行十分钟就到了旅馆。

④The thought of seeing her son very soon filled her heart with great happiness.  想到不久就要见到她的儿子，她心中感到十分快乐。

3、身体部位/音容笑貌类名词+谓语

常见的部位外貌类名词：face；laughter；smile；tear；words 说的话等。

常见的谓语动词：light up，brighten 照亮；linger 继续存留；well up 涌出；flash 闪烁；crumple 弄皱等。

在续写中描写人的外貌和性格时，写一个无灵主语句更高级！

句子范例

① A frown stood on his face.       他皱起了眉毛。

② Her face brightened when I gave her the present.    我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩

③Tears welled up in Lily’s’s eyes. 泪水从Lily的眼中涌出

④His face burned with embarrassment. 他尴尬的脸都红了。

真题链接：

【2022年新高考全国1卷】His usual big toothy smile was absent today.     今天他那大大的笑容不见了。

4、时间/地点/场景类名词+谓语

常见的时间、地点类名词：silence，hush安静沉默；dusk 黄昏；dawn 黎明破晓；morning；afternoon；night等。

常见的谓语动词：see 看见；witness 见证；find 发现；fall 降临进入等。有时可引申为“显示”“表明”“产生”等意义。

句子范例

① The post war years in Germany saw honors heaped upon the great scientist.德国战后的岁月里，这位伟大的科学家得到了种种荣誉。

②The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.     1949年中华人民共和国成立了。

③Dusk found the little girl crying in the street. 黄昏时分人们发现小女孩在街上哭。

④Night has fallen over the country.  夜幕已经笼罩着乡间。

5、事物类名词+谓语

具体事物类名词：watch,carpet等。具抽象事物类名词：threat等。

谓语则是一些有灵动词充当，这样无生命的事物被赋予了生命特征，具有拟人化的修辞效果，使表达栩栩如生。

作谓语的有灵动词大致分为两类：得失型动词和情感型使动词。

得失型动词: lost, get, gain, seize, take, come over, grip (gripped), reach, fail, save, win, desert, release, deprive (deprive of), rob sb. of …, visit, face, escape, elude, slip (slipped), invite, bring sb. to …, linger, creep, oppress, take (entire) possession of, fill sb. with …, etc.

情感型使动词: surprise, disappoint, excite, disturb, determine, inspire, puzzle, annoy, trouble, irritate, shock, tear … into pieces, depress, etc.

句子范例

①The out-of-town shopping centre kill local trade.  城外的购物中心令本地商业难以为继.

②Her name escaped/ eluded me/ slipped my mind.   我忘了她的名字。

③The beauty gained the place quite a reputation.美景使这个地方颇有名气。

④Her habit of bitting her nails irritates me. 她咬指甲的习惯使我生气。

真题链接：

【2023茂名一模】

Yan said she wanted to support more outstanding scholars and tackle the various health threats facing mankind.

6、自然现象类名词+谓语

常见的自然现象类名词：sun；sunshine；moon；moonlight；fog，mist 雾；rain；earthquake 地震等。

常见的谓语动词：blanket 覆盖；come；bring；prevent 妨碍阻止；strike 打击侵袭；threaten  威胁/即将来临等。

句子范例

①A heavy rain visited the city.    这个城市刚下过一场大雨。

②The rain prevented me from coming.       因为下雨，我不能来。

③The thick fog blanketed the field.  浓雾笼罩着整个大地。

④The snow scrunched underfoot. 雪在脚下发出嘎吱嘎吱的声音。

7、用 it 作形式主语，其逻辑主语是后面的短语或从句

① It was very wise of you to bring an umbrella.  你带了雨伞是明智的。

② It is hardly likely that Tom may have forgotten to post the parcel.  Tom几乎不太可能忘记这个包裹。

真题链接：

【2022年新高考全国1卷】 It was no more important whether he won the first place or not.他是否赢得了第一名并不更重要。

8、there be句型

① There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问，广播和电视是重要的交流手段。

② There is a growing concern over the population growth.对于人口的增长人们越来越担心。

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

一、谚语补全

① Constant dropping wears a stone.水滴石穿。

② A stumble may prevent a fall .小惩大戒。

③ Fortune knocks once at least at every man’s door.人人都有好运的一天。

④ Need makes the old wife trot . 事急老妪跑。

⑤ Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

二、单句翻译

1.北京见证了最近几年的的巨大变化。

Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.   

2.我兴奋得什么话也说不出来。

Extreme excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.

3.一想到要出国深造，他就兴奋不已。

The thought that he will go abroad for further study made him excited.

4.他的话让我全身不寒而栗。

His words sentme a quiver through my body. 

5.他面临困难的抉择。

A hard choice now faces him.

三、续写补全（句子翻译）

Version 1: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Wandering around, we were still stuck in the dilemma. Much to our delight, ____________________________________

________________________________________________.（远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们带到了河岸）Dad proposed that we should walk along ____________________________（可以把我们带到农舍的河）and nothing seemed better than that. Time appeared to be merrier and shorter when I stayed together with Dad and before long, _____________________________.

（农舍映入眼帘）What a thrilling but memorable experience it was!

Version 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. _____________________

___________________________________________.（想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷路，我的脊梁骨直打颤。）_________________________________________________（恐惧和遗憾的泪水充满了我的眼睛。）Fortunately, Dad was not so panicked as I was. He kept silent and listened very carefully as he took my horse rein and led the way. We had wandered for what seemed like ages when suddenly a river came into sight. Hopefully, we could find our way back to the farm house if we follow the river. Finally, we arrived home safely just in time for supper, but what an experience! It turns out there’s always a way out of any plight as long as we stay clam.

Version 3:  We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. ___________________

___________________________________________（月亮破云而出，银色的月光洒在潮湿的大地上。）We wandered slowly on our horses, feeling at a loss what to do. Suddenly, __________

_______________________.（流水声引起了我的注意）“Dad, maybe we can find the farm house down the river.” Dad nodded with approval. With great care, we rode our horses along the river. Shortly afterwards, ___________________________________________________.（毫无疑问，我们看到了保罗叔叔的农场。）Finally, we got to the farm, safe and sound. What a trip like never before!

读后续写-无灵主语句式表达最先出现在Clarissa Study。

Mindmap解析

高频短语表达

1. feel a lump in one’s throat：如鲠在喉

【翻译小助手】看着颤抖的妹妹，我感到如鲠在喉。

_________________________________________________________

2. conceal ones+情绪名词：某人几乎无法掩饰某人的…情绪

【翻译小助手】Sam 几乎无法掩饰他的兴奋。

_________________________________________________________

3. a mixture of+情绪名词 and 情绪名词：感到既.….又.….

【翻译小助手】他感到既开心又后悔。

_________________________________________________________

4. pop into ones mind：涌入某人的脑海中/某人突然想起某物

【翻译小助手】妈妈的警告突然涌入她的脑海中。

_________________________________________________________

5. beyond description：无以言表/说不出话来

【翻译小助手】他的后悔之意无以言表。

_________________________________________________________

6. a surge of+情绪名词：感到一股/一阵/一丝…

【翻译小助手】她感到一丝放松。

_________________________________________________________

KEYS:

1. Looking at my trembling sister, I felt a lump in my throat.

2.Sam could hardly conceal his excitement.

3.He felt a mixture of happiness and regret.

4. Mom’s warning popped into her mind.

5. His regret was beyond description.

6. She felt a surge of relief.

高频句式表达积累

1. 人做主语的情绪“外露”

Judging from sb’s voice/eyes/expression/behavior, it was evident that sb was trapped in+情绪名

词

【翻译小助手】从他的眼神中可以看出来，很明显他现在非常紧张。

_________________________________________________________

2. 物作主语的情绪“外露”( A trace of+情绪名词+could be noticed in sb’s voice)

【翻译小助手】他的声音里透露出一丝紧张。

_________________________________________________________

3. 多种情绪在内心升腾奔涌

Sb felt a mixture of 情绪1+and 情绪 2+welling up in sb’s heart and surging through sb.

【翻译小助手】惊喜和感激在我的内心翻腾。

_________________________________________________________

4. 流眼泪(Tears of+情绪名词+welled up in ones eyes)

【翻译小助手】当她向司机感谢他的帮助时，她的眼睛里噙满了感激的泪水，而他只是暖暖

一笑。

_________________________________________________________

5. 动作链:知道了…之后，没有…，而是…(Knowing sth, instead of doing sth, sb did sth)

【翻译小助手】了解事情的经过后，父亲并没有责骂他们，而是鼓励他们再试一次。

_________________________________________________________

6. 动作发生先后:…之后，某人…(Having done sth,Having done sth,sb did sthsb did sth)

【翻译小助手】上了直升机之后，她无数次感谢他们。

_________________________________________________________

7. 没有任何事物可以.…(Nothing could do sth)

【翻译小助手】没有任何事物可以表达我们对你无比纯洁心灵的最深切的感激。

_________________________________________________________

8. 无灵主语+有灵谓语

【翻译小助手】突然，一股强烈的喜悦涌向我。

_________________________________________________________

9. so that倒装句(So+形容词+be sb that+完整句子)

【翻译小助手】他如此激动以至于说不出话来。

_________________________________________________________

10. 强调句(It was..that…)

【翻译小助手】正是Amanda的坚持和对她妹妹的爱带来了一个如此和谐美好的家庭一幕。

_________________________________________________________

KEYS:

1. Judging from his eyes, it was evident that he was trapped in nervousness.

2. A trace of nervousness could be noticed in his voice

3.I felt a mixture of thrill and gratitude welling up in my heart and surging through me

4. Tears of appreciation welled up in her eyes as she thanked the driver for his help, but he just

smiled warmly.

5.Knowing what had happened instead of scolding them the father encouraged them to cook

breakfast again.

6. Having got onboard the helicopter she thanked everyone million times.

7. Nothing can express our deepest gratitude for your purest heart.

8. Suddenly, a strong sense of delight came over me

9.So excited was he that he couldn’t say a word.

10.It was Amanda’s persistence and love for her sister that brought about such a harmonious and

sweet family scene.

读后续写-情绪&动作表达最先出现在Clarissa Study。