常用表达

例1:Loud cheers erupted from the crowd.
翻译:人群中爆发出了热烈的欢呼声。
例2:An urgent call came into Jim Green’s bar this past March.
翻译:就在刚过去的三月，Jim Green的酒吧接到一个紧急的电话。
例3:A light knock on the door brought me from my kitchen.
翻译:听到一声轻轻的敲门声，我从厨房出来开门。
例4:Alarm and guilt made her eyes wide.
翻译:惊恐和羞愧使她睁大了双眼。
例5:His act of kindness was soon followed by more donations.
翻译:他善意的行为不久就带来了更多的捐赠。
例6:A smile took hold of Amy when the idea first came to her.
翻译:刚想到这个主意的时候，Amy脸上露出了笑容。
例7:The same voice that had urged me to throw it, now told me it was a good throw.
翻译:曾催促我投掷的那个声音，现在又告诉我这一投很漂亮。
例8:A weak, elderly voice answered,“Just a minute.”
翻译:一个虚弱年迈的声音回答道:“稍等一下。”
例9:She was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs obeyed her perfectly.
翻译:她正穿着漂亮的舞鞋，双腿完全听从着她的支配。
例 10:When Tom opened the front door of their flat to investigate, a thick cloud of smoke greeted him.
翻译:正当Tom打开公寓的前门想要一探究竟时，一阵浓烟扑面而来。
例11:The past several years have witnessed Tuntun’s selfless devotion to his students.
翻译:过去的几年见证了吞吞对学生的无私奉献。

无灵主语常用表达最先出现在Clarissa Study。

先问一个问题：在续写时，形容人物的情绪心理时用sb. feel xx，描述人物眼前场景时用sb. see xx，老是用“人物+动作/情绪动词”？

无灵主语句，非人称作主语，即“无灵主语”，表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等。无灵主语句，是指用无生命的事物做主语，用人或社会团体的行为或动作做谓语，因此这类句子常带有拟人化的修辞色彩。在表达中往往语言更生动多样，是一种夺分必备的高级句型——无灵主语句。也对情绪、动作、心理和神态等众多无灵主语句子表达，进行了分类梳理。

例句：

1.翻译：我无法用言语表达我的感受。

有灵主语句: I cannot express how I feel.

无灵主语句: Words fail me!

2.翻译：她伤心不已。

有灵主语句：He cried sadly.

无灵主语句：A sadness came over her.

结构（与汉语句子结构对比）

有灵动词：有生命的事物的动作和行为，如：see, find, bring, give, escape, witness, seize, deny…

汉语常用句子结构: animate subject(有灵主语) + animate verb(有灵动词)

I love all my students. (有灵主语 I)

英语常用句子结构：inanimate subject(无灵主语) + animate verb(有灵动词)

My love goes to all my students. (无灵主语love )

功能意义

1.增加主语多样性，丰富句型

Life has taught me that success is not final. So l always stay humble and never let it go to my head.

2.使语言更生动，表达丰富，句子瞬间充满生命力

(1) l was so excited and words slipped out of my mouth …

(2)The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.

3.增加表达的客观性

We carried out more experiments and found some exciting results.

→Further experiments brought us some exciting results.

4.文学作品中给人一种庄重、典雅的感觉

Thus, the gathering(渐渐暗下来的) dusk often finds (发现) me hastening home in a hurrying crowd. Whether it rains or snows, windy or foggy, it is the longing to home that quickens (加快) my step.

分类&运用

1、用于情感状态的抽象名词作主语+谓语

常见的情绪名词：happiness, joy, delight 开心快乐；excitement兴奋；surprise, astonishment 惊奇，惊讶；shame 羞耻，羞愧；anger 愤怒；despair 绝望；regret 遗憾，后悔；sorrow 悲伤；horror 惊恐；anxiety 焦虑；disappointment 失望，沮丧；satisfaction 满意，满足；puzzlement 困惑，不解；eagerness渴望等。

常见的谓语动词：seize 侵袭；choke 噎住堵住；flood 充满；creep 不知不觉产生；grip 紧抓；give way to ；wash over 洗涤，侵袭；deserted 丢弃，遗弃；well up涌出等。

在续写中写到人物的情绪或心理时，别总用sb feel/is…, 使用上述词构成的无灵主语句，句子瞬间得到升华。

句子范例

① Anxiety tore him into pieces.   他焦虑万分，肝肠寸断。

② Despair seized him at the thought of his failure in the exam. 一想到考试的失败，他就万念俱灰。

③ A wild excitement took hold of her. 她兴奋极了。

④ A chill of horror suddenly swept over him. 他突然感到不寒而栗。

2、行为动作的名词作主语+谓语

常见的行为动作类名词：thought想法, glance一瞥, look看到, idea想法, feeling感受, walk走路；sight看到等。

常见的谓语动词：overwhelm 压倒；strike 打击侵袭；arouse 唤起；fill… with 充满…；change 改变；bring 带来等。还有使令动词如remind, make, let, lead, send, leave, drive等。

在续写中描写人物动作或思考行为时，无灵主语句将人的动作和思考行为拟人化，让续写的表达更多样生动。

句子范例

①The sight of the scene filled me with horror.   看到这个情景我心中充满了恐惧。

②A terrible thought suddenly struck me.   我突然想到一个可怕的想法。

③A ten minutes’ walk brought us to the hotel. 我们步行十分钟就到了旅馆。

④The thought of seeing her son very soon filled her heart with great happiness.  想到不久就要见到她的儿子，她心中感到十分快乐。

3、身体部位/音容笑貌类名词+谓语

常见的部位外貌类名词：face；laughter；smile；tear；words 说的话等。

常见的谓语动词：light up，brighten 照亮；linger 继续存留；well up 涌出；flash 闪烁；crumple 弄皱等。

在续写中描写人的外貌和性格时，写一个无灵主语句更高级！

句子范例

① A frown stood on his face.       他皱起了眉毛。

② Her face brightened when I gave her the present.    我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩

③Tears welled up in Lily’s’s eyes. 泪水从Lily的眼中涌出

④His face burned with embarrassment. 他尴尬的脸都红了。

真题链接：

【2022年新高考全国1卷】His usual big toothy smile was absent today.     今天他那大大的笑容不见了。

4、时间/地点/场景类名词+谓语

常见的时间、地点类名词：silence，hush安静沉默；dusk 黄昏；dawn 黎明破晓；morning；afternoon；night等。

常见的谓语动词：see 看见；witness 见证；find 发现；fall 降临进入等。有时可引申为“显示”“表明”“产生”等意义。

句子范例

① The post war years in Germany saw honors heaped upon the great scientist.德国战后的岁月里，这位伟大的科学家得到了种种荣誉。

②The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.     1949年中华人民共和国成立了。

③Dusk found the little girl crying in the street. 黄昏时分人们发现小女孩在街上哭。

④Night has fallen over the country.  夜幕已经笼罩着乡间。

5、事物类名词+谓语

具体事物类名词：watch,carpet等。具抽象事物类名词：threat等。

谓语则是一些有灵动词充当，这样无生命的事物被赋予了生命特征，具有拟人化的修辞效果，使表达栩栩如生。

作谓语的有灵动词大致分为两类：得失型动词和情感型使动词。

得失型动词: lost, get, gain, seize, take, come over, grip (gripped), reach, fail, save, win, desert, release, deprive (deprive of), rob sb. of …, visit, face, escape, elude, slip (slipped), invite, bring sb. to …, linger, creep, oppress, take (entire) possession of, fill sb. with …, etc.

情感型使动词: surprise, disappoint, excite, disturb, determine, inspire, puzzle, annoy, trouble, irritate, shock, tear … into pieces, depress, etc.

句子范例

①The out-of-town shopping centre kill local trade.  城外的购物中心令本地商业难以为继.

②Her name escaped/ eluded me/ slipped my mind.   我忘了她的名字。

③The beauty gained the place quite a reputation.美景使这个地方颇有名气。

④Her habit of bitting her nails irritates me. 她咬指甲的习惯使我生气。

真题链接：

【2023茂名一模】

Yan said she wanted to support more outstanding scholars and tackle the various health threats facing mankind.

6、自然现象类名词+谓语

常见的自然现象类名词：sun；sunshine；moon；moonlight；fog，mist 雾；rain；earthquake 地震等。

常见的谓语动词：blanket 覆盖；come；bring；prevent 妨碍阻止；strike 打击侵袭；threaten  威胁/即将来临等。

句子范例

①A heavy rain visited the city.    这个城市刚下过一场大雨。

②The rain prevented me from coming.       因为下雨，我不能来。

③The thick fog blanketed the field.  浓雾笼罩着整个大地。

④The snow scrunched underfoot. 雪在脚下发出嘎吱嘎吱的声音。

7、用 it 作形式主语，其逻辑主语是后面的短语或从句

① It was very wise of you to bring an umbrella.  你带了雨伞是明智的。

② It is hardly likely that Tom may have forgotten to post the parcel.  Tom几乎不太可能忘记这个包裹。

真题链接：

【2022年新高考全国1卷】 It was no more important whether he won the first place or not.他是否赢得了第一名并不更重要。

8、there be句型

① There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问，广播和电视是重要的交流手段。

② There is a growing concern over the population growth.对于人口的增长人们越来越担心。

Mindmap解析

习题-Exercises

一、谚语补全

① Constant dropping wears a stone.水滴石穿。

② A stumble may prevent a fall .小惩大戒。

③ Fortune knocks once at least at every man’s door.人人都有好运的一天。

④ Need makes the old wife trot . 事急老妪跑。

⑤ Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

二、单句翻译

1.北京见证了最近几年的的巨大变化。

Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.   

2.我兴奋得什么话也说不出来。

Extreme excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.

3.一想到要出国深造，他就兴奋不已。

The thought that he will go abroad for further study made him excited.

4.他的话让我全身不寒而栗。

His words sentme a quiver through my body. 

5.他面临困难的抉择。

A hard choice now faces him.

三、续写补全（句子翻译）

Version 1: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Wandering around, we were still stuck in the dilemma. Much to our delight, ____________________________________

________________________________________________.（远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们带到了河岸）Dad proposed that we should walk along ____________________________（可以把我们带到农舍的河）and nothing seemed better than that. Time appeared to be merrier and shorter when I stayed together with Dad and before long, _____________________________.

（农舍映入眼帘）What a thrilling but memorable experience it was!

Version 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. _____________________

___________________________________________.（想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷路，我的脊梁骨直打颤。）_________________________________________________（恐惧和遗憾的泪水充满了我的眼睛。）Fortunately, Dad was not so panicked as I was. He kept silent and listened very carefully as he took my horse rein and led the way. We had wandered for what seemed like ages when suddenly a river came into sight. Hopefully, we could find our way back to the farm house if we follow the river. Finally, we arrived home safely just in time for supper, but what an experience! It turns out there’s always a way out of any plight as long as we stay clam.

Version 3:  We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. ___________________

___________________________________________（月亮破云而出，银色的月光洒在潮湿的大地上。）We wandered slowly on our horses, feeling at a loss what to do. Suddenly, __________

_______________________.（流水声引起了我的注意）“Dad, maybe we can find the farm house down the river.” Dad nodded with approval. With great care, we rode our horses along the river. Shortly afterwards, ___________________________________________________.（毫无疑问，我们看到了保罗叔叔的农场。）Finally, we got to the farm, safe and sound. What a trip like never before!

读后续写-无灵主语句式表达最先出现在Clarissa Study。

读后续写要求续写内容和所给短文是一脉相承的，那么最好的方式就是呼应短文的细节。抓住可以呼应的细节，可以帮助我们打开思路，让文章的结尾更加精彩。

(1)不一定呼应开头。我们经常会提到“首尾呼应”，其实我们呼应的点，不一定是文章的开头，还可以呼应原文中后段里的细节。
(2)反差。按照“负一转一正”的行文思路，文章中的情节、人物、情绪等都会发生一定的变化，而这种变化往往能够凸显出文章的主题。

例1“海上遇险”【2020·山东省泰安市高工上学期期末】
前文情节:我们全家去海滩玩，我不会游泳，就去划一条小渔船，突然海浪袭来，我被冲到了海水中。幸运的是，我被救了起来，送到了医院。

微情节构建:
前文细节①:One of my sisters who had worked abroad for 10 years returned home for her vacation. All the family members were happy. My parents gave her a simple celebration and prepared food for us to share.
前文细节①-庆祝我的一个姐妹归国
结尾呼应-庆祝我被救

前文细节②:While staying with them, an idea came to me.We could have a family outing on the beach! All of my siblings(兄弟姐妹)agreed!…The weather was nice and many people were enjoying the sea water.
前文细节②-我们很开心地去海滩玩耍
结尾呼应-我再也不想去海滩了

One possible version:
My mother said we should have another celebration for my being saved.I told them the celebration would never be held at beach.
翻译:我妈妈说我们应该为我的得救再庆祝一次。我告诉他们，庆祝活动永远不要在海滩举行了。

例2 “重组家庭”【2021·福建省莆田市第一中学高二上学期期末】
前文情节:我的父亲再婚了，Jen是继母的女儿。我因她们的到来感到不开心，因为我觉得她们打破了我和爸爸的“二人小分队”，但是后来我发现她们母女也经历了很多困难，不再为自己感到难过，我也想让 Jen 开心一些。

微情节构建:
前文细节①:The snow crunched under our boots as we walked down the street…. Jen shook her head and looked at me.Finally, she said,“On Thanksgiving,Mom and I always went to visit some friends on a farm. I especially loved seeing their big turkeys.”
前文细节①-雪很厚;Jen 喜欢火鸡
结尾呼应-我们堆了“火鸡雪人”

前文细节②:I called her Mom,but the word felt uncomfortable like a pair of shoes that pinched(挤脚).I didn’t remember my own mother; she had died in an accident when I was a baby. It had always been just Dad and me. We were a team. Now so much had changed, and sometimes I wished I had the magic to change it back.
前文细节②-我和父亲的二人小分队被打破了
结尾呼应-我们四人形成了新的队伍

One possible version:
A sense of happiness welled up in my heart and surged through me.“I guess we can be a good team,” I said to myself.“Thanks to the snow turkey.
翻译:一种幸福感在我心中涌动。“我想我们可以成为一支好队伍，”我对自己说道，“多亏了’火鸡雪人。”

例3“母女同学”
前文情节:我虽然从小就特别爱学习，但是因为家境贫寒，被迫辍学，没能拿到毕业证书。结婚生子之后，我的小女儿因为患有幼年型关节炎，没有办法正常上学。在报纸上看到广告后，我决定让她上夜校，同时也继续追求自己的梦想。

微情节构建:
前文细节:
For many years, I had a recurring dream. I was a little girl again, rushing about, trying to get ready for school.
“Hurry, you’ll be late for school,” my mother called to me.
“I am hurrying, Mom! What did I do with my books?”
Deep inside I knew where the dream came from. It was about some unfinished business in my life.
…….
But at 15,I had to drop out because my parents couldn’t afford tuition. My hope of getting a diploma was dead or so I thought.

前文细节-拿到学位是我魂牵梦绕的未竟之事；梦中，还是小女孩的我匆忙地准备去学校
结尾呼应-我完成了这件未竟之事；梦中的女孩再也不用那么匆匆忙忙了

One possible version:
The unfinished business in my life was eventually finished.The girl in the dream wouldn’t need to be in a hurry any more.
翻译:我生命中未完的事终于完成了。梦中的女孩再也不需要着急了。

主题议论

续写作为记叙文，往往借助故事承载某个核心主题，那么我们也可以在结尾处对全文主旨进行议论，来升华文章主题，以下列举三种比较常用的议论句式。

例1“爆米花”【2020·全国新高考卷I(山东卷)】
句式①:Only then did the children realize that their help really matters.
翻译:直到那时，孩子们才意识到他们的帮助真的很重要。
句式②:Had it not been for this experience,the children would not have got the chance to learn the lesson that they can really make a difference.
翻译:如果没有这次经历，孩子们就没有机会学到这样一课:他们真的能有所作为。
句式③:It was this experience that made the children realize that difficultyis nothing compared with unity.
翻译:正是这段经历使孩子们认识到，困难与团结相比是微不足道的。

例2“北极熊”【2020·浙江卷】
句式①:Not until then did we realize that you should always beware of a polar bear.
翻译:直到那时我们才意识到，应该时刻提防北极熊。
句式②:Had it not been for this experience, we would not have got the chance to learn the lesson: stay away from a polar bear.
翻译:如果没有这次经历，我们就没有机会吸取教训:远离北极熊。
句式③:It was this experiencethat made us realize that you should never mess up with a polar bear.
翻译:正是这段经历让我们意识到:千万别惹北极熊。

例3“荒野求生”【2016·浙江卷】
句式①:Only then did Jane realize that one should never give up hope
翻译:直到那时 Jane 才意识到，人不应该放弃希望。
句式②:Had it not been for this experience, Jane would not have got the chance to learn the lesson that one should be hopeful about the situation he or she is in.
翻译:如果没有这次经历，Jane就没有机会学到这样一课:一个人应该对自己的处境抱有希望。
句式③:It was this experience that made Jane realize that hope is always there as long as you don’t give up it.
翻译:正是这段经历让 Jane 意识到，只要你不放弃，希望永远存在。

寄情于景

句式 1:
看到某物，某人感觉好像它在……，并且说:“……
Seeing sth., sb. felt as ifit had been …, saying “.….”

本句式中的“某物”往往表示所给短文中的某一个关键词。而“感觉它好像在……”，就是用虚拟语气赋予这个关键词人格:赋予它人的动作，来表达人的情感;赋予它人的语言，来突出整个文章的主题。具体示例参见第二部分第二章“心理描写”中的“托物言志”模块，此处仅举一个例子:

例“可疑的箱子”
前文情节:Arthur热心帮助一位陌生人拎箱子，结果这个人竟然是银行劫犯，导致自己被其他人误会也是抢劫犯……根据“负一转一正”的情节轮廓，结局应该是误会被解除，真劫犯被绳之以法，那么我们就可以借助箱子对这个乌龙事件进行收尾。比如:
Seeing the case lying on the desk in the police station,Arthur felt as if it had been smirking, saying “Sorry, dude.”
翻译:看到警察局桌子上的箱子，Arthur 觉得它好像在坏笑着说:“对不起啦，伙计。”

句式 2:
一两滴眼泪从某人的眼角滑落，滑过他/她的脸颊，滴落在某物上，魔法般地把它变成了……
A tear or two slipped from sb.’s eyes, rolled down sb.’s cheeks and dripped onto +sth., which, as if by magic, had turned into+比喻.

本句式中的“某物”同样常表示所给短文中的某一个关键词。“魔法般地把它变成了……”则是用虚拟语气对它进行比喻，来突出整个文章的主题。

例1“寒酸的礼物”
前文情节:Susan给Holly送了一块深蓝色的地毯作为生日礼物，Holly很嫌弃。后来，Holly才知道对于Susan来说，这块地毯已经是她能拿得出的最好的礼物了。那么在结尾我们就可以借助地毯来升华“友谊”的主题:
A tear or two slipped from Holly’s eyes rolled down her cheeks and dripped onto the dark blue carpet, which, as if by magic, had turned into the most precious birthday present in the whole world.
翻译:一两滴眼泪从Holly的眼睛里流出来，顺着脸颊滚下来，滴到了深蓝色的地毯上，那地毯仿佛被施了魔法，变成了全世界最珍贵的生日礼物。

例2“父爱三轮车”
前文情节:在大萧条时期，我因为一次事故，腿瘸了，父亲帮我整了辆三轮车。多年后我才知道父亲为了弄到这辆三轮车付出了多少艰辛。那么在结尾我们就可以借助三轮车来升华“父爱如山”的主题:
A tear or two slipped from my eyes, rolled down my cheeks and dripped onto the tricycle, which, as if by magic, had turned into a ship that carried me through the mire of misery with Dad’s love.
翻译:一两滴眼泪从我的眼里淌出，顺着我的脸颊滚下来，滴到了三轮车上，仿佛变魔术一般，三轮车变成了一艘船，带着爸爸的爱，载着我穿过苦难的泥潭。

喃喃自语

长短句的交替会增强文章可读性，让长句变得更华丽，让短句变得更有力量。同样在文章结尾处，我们可以用一句简短的“喃喃自语”来宣告故事的结束。由于是“自己暗自说话”，所以不涉及和他人的互动。当然也可以“对其他人说”，但是不要进行额外的描写，否则会使原本应该短促有力的结尾生出旁枝末节。语言的内容可以直接写文章的主题，也可以只是主人公的感受，以下给一些范例:

例1:“Never judge a book by its cover,”I said to myself.
翻译:“千万不要以貌取人。”我对自己说。
例2:“What a thrilling day!”,Roman texted his friend later that day.
翻译:“多么激动人心的一天!”当天晚些时候，Roman 给他的朋友发短信说到。
例3:The professor replied,“Because you see its end is missing.”
翻译:教授回答说:“因为，你看，它的末端不见了。”
例4:Finally,she whispered,“This is Isabella Rose.”Then,a little louder with more confidence, “Isabella Rose.”
翻译:最后，她小声说:“这是 Isabella Rose。”然后，她更加自信地大声说:“IsabellaRose。”
例5:Before Pappy had time to say another word,the child’s mother stepped in. Holding back her tears, she gently said,“Hello, Dad.”
翻译:Pappy还没来得及再说一句话，孩子的母亲就走了进来。她忍住眼泪，轻轻地说:“你好，爸爸。”
例6:But at 15,I had to drop out because my parents couldn’t afford tuition. My hope of getting a diploma was dead,or so I thought.Pretty soon,I married and had three children, and I thought, “There goes my diploma.”
翻译:但是15 岁的时候，我不得不辍学，因为我父母无法承担学费。我拿到毕业文凭的希望破灭了，至少我是这么想的。很快，我结婚了，有了三个孩子，我想:“这就是我的毕业文凭吧。”

时光荏苒

正如俗语“酒是陈的香”所说，眼前所经历的事情,在多年以后,或许才能酝酿出甘甜的回香。对于部分读后续写题，我们可以在文章结尾设置“时间的跳跃”，让视角转回到当下，换一个角度去审视、回顾曾经的那些趣谈与佳话。可搭配句型:

这段故事/画面/场景/话语自此一直萦绕在某人的脑海中。即使是现在，某人也不断地想起那段经历，从中某人学到了……
The story/picture/scene/words kept lingering/echoing in sb.’s mind ever since. Even now, sb. be constantly reminded ofthe experience, where sb. got the lesson that .….

例:吞吞老师的话语自此一直萦绕在我的脑海中。即使是现在，我也不断地想起那段经历，从中我学到了:语言是扇窗，让我看到更广阔的世界。
Tuntun’s words kept echoing in my mind ever since. Even nowI am constantly reminded of the experience, where I got the lesson that language is a window which allows me to see a bigger world.

Mindmap解析

微情节之”收尾点睛“最先出现在Clarissa Study。

喜出望外

例1“爆米花”【2020·全国新高考卷I(山东卷)】
前文情节:Meredith太太喜欢帮助别人，一天她探望了经济困难的Bernard一家，第二天告诉自己的孩子们，希望可以帮到这户人家。孩子们集思广益，想出用叔叔送的玉米做爆米花，然后通过卖爆米花赚的钱来帮助这一家人。按照“负一转一正”的思路，结局肯定是正向的，也就是“销路很好，赚到了钱”。

微情节构建
正向结局-爆米花大卖
行为反应-大家高兴得跳了起来
情绪反应-从未料到事情可以这么顺利

One possible version:
The popcorn turned out to be a best seller. Seeing so many people crowding around Bernard’s stall, the kids jumped with excitement and joy.Under no circumstances had Mrs.Meredith expected everything to be so easy and smooth.
翻译:结果爆米花非常畅销。看到这么多人挤在Bernard的摊位上，孩子们兴奋地跳了起来。Meredith 太太绝没有料到一切会那么容易和顺利。

例2“Poppy的新伙伴”【2020·浙江卷】
前文情节:一家三口养了只狗Poppy。儿子去上大学了，Poppy非常难过。爸爸妈妈为了让它开心起来，带回了另一只小狗来陪伴它。

微情节构建:
正向结局-两只小狗玩得非常开心
行为反应-爸爸妈妈相视而笑
情绪反应-从未料到事情可以这么顺利

Dne possible version:
Before long,with the toys shared, the two lovely creatures became good friends, playing in the house delightedly. Worry relieved,Mom and Dad smiled at each other By no means had they expected Poppy to be so happy.
翻译:不久，两只可爱的小动物分享了玩具，成了好朋友，开心地在家里玩耍。爸爸妈妈相视而笑，终于放下心来。他们绝没有料到 Poppy 会这么高兴。

死里逃生

例1“野狼追击”【2017·浙江卷】
前文情节:Mac在户外骑行时遇到了野狼的追逐。

微情节构建:
正向结局-狼被引开了
行为反应-Mac的两位朋友也上车了
情绪反应-惊魂未定，但是心中充满了感激

One possible version:
Fortunately, the wolf instantly caught the smell of the bag,jumped to it and began enjoying his meal. Seeing this, they immediately jumped off their bicycles and climbed into the car. Exhausted and scared to death though they weretheir hearts were filled with gratitude.
翻译:幸运的是，狼立刻闻到了包(里面肉)的味道，跳上去开始享用食物。他们见状，立刻跳下自行车，钻进汽车里。他们虽然筋疲力尽、吓得半死，心里却充满了感激之情。

例2“西部兔子”【2018·浙江卷】
前文情节:暑假，我和爸爸一起去住在西部荒野的一个叔叔家里玩。我们在野外骑马时，突然出现一只可爱的兔子，在追兔子过程中我们迷路了。

微情节构建:
正向结局-回到了家中
行为反应-加快了脚步，冲向屋子
情绪反应-又累又饿，但是非常开心

One possible version:
Finally, after one hour’s walking,the farm house came into our sight. We speeded up our pace and ran to it, as fast as our legs could carry us. Exhausted and hungry though I was my heart was filled with nothing else but joy.
翻译:走了一个小时后，我们终于看到了农舍。我们加快了脚步，尽我们的腿所能承受地跑过去。我虽然又累又饿，但心里却充满了快乐。

Mindmap 解析

微情节之”正向结局“最先出现在Clarissa Study。

灵光一闪

【使用要点】
①以上句式一般用于“解决困难”类的文章，在转折情节时使用;描写主人公突然发现某个事实，然后得到灵感，进而化解故事主要矛盾的过程。
②从句部分需要构思具体的解决办法。

例1“可疑的箱子”
前文情节:Arthur热心帮助了一位陌生人，结果他竟然是银行抢劫犯，导致自己被其他人误会也是抢劫犯。

微情节构建:
根据续写第二段首句“出租车停在了警察局门口”，结合“人们都误以为 Arthur 是抢劫犯”的情节，我们就可以构思出“搭车去警察局”这一解决办法。

环境-“救命稻草”-看到出租车
心理-“灵光一闪”-想到可以搭出租车去警察局
动作-“立即行动”-上车

突然，Arthur看见一辆出租车正好停在路边。他突然想到，去警察局可能是他证明自己清白的唯一选择。他毫不犹豫地冲上前去，上了出租车，告诉司机他的目的地。
Suddenly, Arthur caught sight of a taxi which happened to be pulled over by the road. It flashed through his mind that going to the police station might be the only option to prove his innocence. Without the slightest hesitation, he dashed forward, got into the taxi and told the driver his destination.

例2“荒野求生”【2016·浙江卷】
前文情节:Jane和丈夫出去玩，但是他俩在路上吵架了，Jane一气之下自己先走了，结果迷失在了丛林里。有直升机飞过，但是Jane 却被树木遮挡了，这使她错过了获救机会，于是她想着找一个空旷的地方求救。

微情节构建:
原文出现了lake这一划线词，那么在“树木遮挡视线，Jane难以发出求救信号”的困难中，我们就可以通过这个词构思出“前往湖边发求救信号”的解决办法。

环境-“救命稻草”-看到远处的湖泊
心理-“灵光一闪”-想到可以去那里求救
动作-“立即行动”-立马向湖泊进发

突然，Jane看见远处有一个湖。她突然想到，湖边也许是发出求救信号的最佳地点。她毫不犹豫地以最快的速度向湖边赶去。
Suddenly, Jane caught sight of a lake at a distance.It occurred to her that the lakeside might be a perfect spot to send out signals for help.Without the slightest hesitation she set out for the lake at the fastest pace.

例3“营救母狼”【2020·山东省青岛市高三统一质量检测】
前文情节:我在野外碰到一只被陷阱困住的哺乳期的母狼，于是我循着踪迹设法把幼崽带到了它的身边。但担心幼崽离开母亲保护无法存活，我得想办法把母狼从陷阱中救出来。

微情节构建:
矛盾的核心是“要打开陷阱”，最直接的一个想法就是“撬开”。

环境-“救命稻草”-看到石头和树枝
心理-“灵光一闪”-想到车里有一根铁棍
动作-“立即行动”-取铁棍，撬开陷阱

突然，我看见树枝旁边有一块岩石。我脑子里闪过一个念头:我的卡车上有根铁棍。我毫不犹豫地回去拿上棍子，以石头为支撑点，撬开了陷阱。
Suddenly,I caught sight of a rock lying there beside a branch.Through my mind flashed an idea that there was an iron stick on my truck.Without the slightest hesitation,I went back to fetch the stick. Using the rock as the supporting point,I unlocked the trap.

例4 “公益公路之旅”【2020·山东省滕州一中高三4月线上模拟】
前文情节:我们在“公益公路之旅”中因为缺钱制定了两个目标:对陌生人微笑以传播快乐与善意;通过街头表演至少筹集 80美金。我们的第一个目标很顺利地实现了，但是第二个让人发愁。

微情节构建:
矛盾的核心是“想办法通过街头表演筹钱”，根据续写第一段首句提到的“一位音乐家在演奏吉他”，以及续写第二段首句中的“我们的五人小乐队吸引了大批观众”可知，此处这位音乐家可成为解决矛盾的关键。

环境-“救命稻草”-听着这位音乐家美妙的音乐
心理-“灵光一闪”-想到我们可以跟他组成乐队
动作-“立即行动”-请他帮忙

当我全神贯注地聆听这位音乐家美妙的独奏时，我突然想到我们可以和他组成乐队一起演奏。他一表演完这首曲子，我就径直走上前去，请求他帮我们一个忙。
While I was totally absorbed in the musician’s fantastic solo, it occurred to me that we could join.him to play as a band.The moment he finished the piece,I walked straight forward and asked him to do us a favor.

例5 “生日礼物”【2020·浙江省温州市4月普通高中高考适应性测试】
前文情节:Dana送给Tim一只玩具老鼠。Dana的父母原本打算给她买一只真的小鼠作为生日礼物，而Tim想送Dana一个透明的塑料球，这样Dana可以把小鼠放在里面。但是因为怕老鼠咬东西，Dana的父母把小鼠换成了一辆自行车。Tim准备好的礼物也因此没有了用处。

微情节构建:
矛盾的核心是“塑料球没有用处”，那么我们可以充分利用前文提到的“Tim的玩具老鼠”这一关键点，把玩具老鼠放进塑料球作为给Dana的礼物;解决核心矛盾的同时，还能巧妙地呼应前文细节。

环境-“救命稻草”-看到Dana送他的玩具老鼠
心理-“灵光一闪”-想到可以把玩具鼠放进塑料球
动作-“立即行动”-准备好礼物，并写了贺卡

突然，Tim看到了Dana给他的棉质玩具老鼠，脑中产生了一个绝妙的主意–他可以把玩具鼠放进塑料球里!他毫不犹豫地把玩具老鼠放进球里，然后开始给Dana写生日贺卡。
Suddenly,Tim caught sight of the cotton toy rat that Dana once gave him.Through his mind flashed a brilliant idea that he could put the toy into the plastic ball!Without the slightest hesitation, he put the toy rat into the ball and began writing the birthday card for Dana.

发奋图强

例1 “妈妈罢工”【2020·山东省济南市高三第一次模拟考试】
前文情节:小男孩Arthur喜欢乱丢东西，妈妈忍无可忍决定“罢工”，不再帮他收拾。

微情节构建:
根据续写第二段首句“Mom?”said Arthur“Can you show me how to do the washing tomorrow so I can wash my socks?”可知，Arthur意识到了自己的问题，决心改变。结合前文“His socks never made it into the hamper(洗衣篮).And he only picked up his toys when Mom threatened to throw them away.”的这一细节可知，我们可以据此构思出Arthur 在行为上发生的变化。

心理-意识到问题，下定决心要改变
动作-之前：乱丢东西；现在：收拾玩具，把袜子放进洗衣篮里

意识到这个问题后，Arthur下定决心要有所改变。他没有像以前那样乱丢东西，而是花了将近一个小时把玩具都收拾好，甚至还把袜子放进了洗衣篮里。
Having realized theproblem, Arthur made up his mind that he wanteda change.Instead of littering like before, he spent nearly an hour in putting the toys away, and even putting his socks into the hamper.

例2“最聪明的男孩”
前文情节:Steve是一个12岁的男孩，他的学习成绩很差，父母平时也不怎么管教，只有White 老师一直关心鼓励他。

微情节构建:
根据续写第一段首句“Steve went home from school,thoughtfulthat afternoon.”可知，Steve意识到了问题，打算改变;结合所给短文中提到的Steve喜欢小树林，我们可以构思Steve去小树林学习的解决方式。

心理-意识到问题，下定决心要改变
动作-之前：玩游戏；现在：去小树林学习

意识到这个问题后，Steve下定决心要试一试。他不再像以前那样玩游戏，而是迅速收拾起露营装备、食物和课本，向小树林进发。
Having realized the problem, Steve made up his mind that he would give it a try. Instead of playing games as he used to,he quickly gathered up his camping equipment, some food and his textbooks, heading for the woods.

真情感化

例1“努力生活”
前文情节:我是一个建筑工人，用已经开裂的手干活让我非常痛苦。有一天我看到一个没有小臂的人在搬运大捆的报纸，这让我十分触动。

微情节构建:
核心矛盾是“手上的伤让我干活非常痛苦”。那么看到的这个身残志坚的人，就是一个外界的刺激，让“我”情绪上受到了触动，心理有所感悟。

环境-“外界刺激”-眼前的这一幕
情绪-“受到触动”-我内心充满了羞愧
心理-“有所感悟”-意识到我应该停止抱怨生活

看到这一幕，我喉咙有些哽咽。直到那时我才意识到我对生活抱怨得太多了。
My throat tightened when I saw this. Only then did I realize that I complained too much about life.

例2“妈妈的鼓励”
前文情节:Dora的课前演讲表现得不太好，十分沮丧，回到家后妈妈安慰她。

微情节构建:
核心矛盾是“Dora失去了自信”。那么不管妈妈对Dora说了什么或者是带她看了什么，我们都可以构思Dora听完妈妈的话后重拾信心的情节。

环境-“外界刺激”-妈妈的话语/眼前的这一幕
情绪-“受到触动”-Dora内心既羞愧又兴奋
心理-“有所感悟”-意识到一次失败真的不算什么

被这一幕/妈妈的话打动了，Dora感到羞愧和兴奋混杂着在她的心中涌动。直到那时她才意识到，失败真的不算什么。
Struck by the scene/ her mom’s words,Dora felt a mixture of shame and excitement welling up in her heart and surging through her. Only then did she realize that failure is really nothing.

例3“娃娃真香”
前文情节:Susan在12岁生日时想要一个悠悠球，但是父母却送给她一条紫色的裙子，她很不开心，抱怨自己没有悠悠球，甚至觉得家里没有任何好玩的东西。但朋友来家中做客时他们还是玩得非常开心。

微情节构建:
核心矛盾是“Susan觉得自己没有好玩的玩具”。那么“朋友们在她家玩得非常开心”这个情节就可以对Susan产生触动，让她明白:最重要的不是玩什么玩具，而是怎么玩。

环境-“外界刺激”-眼前的这一幕
情绪-“受到触动”-Susan内心混杂着惊讶和不解
心理-“有所感悟”-意识到重要的不是玩具本身

Susan被这一幕震撼了，心里涌起一股既震惊又困惑的情绪。直到那时她才意识到，也许玩具本身并不重要，如何玩才是真正重要的。
Struck by the sceneSusan felt a mixture of shock and puzzlement welling up in her heart and surging through her. Only then did she realize that maybe it is not the toys themselves but how to play that really matters.

按部就班

在部分续写题目中，给出的短文或续写段首句已经明确了转折的方向，甚至已经给出了解决矛盾的具体方案。在这种情况下，我们不需要再额外构思转折情节，只需要按部就班地把情节展开即可。当然具体展开过程还是遵循本章第一节中提到的基本规律。以下提供其中一种可能的情况：

例1 “爆米花”【2020·全国新高考卷I(山东卷)】
前文情节:Meredith太太喜欢帮助别人，一天她探望了经济困难的Bernard一家，第二天诉自己的孩子们，希望可以帮到这户人家。孩子们集思广益，想出用叔叔送的玉米做爆米花，后通过卖爆米花赚的钱来帮助这一家人。

微情节构建:
核心矛盾是“帮助Bernard一家赚钱”。而所给短文中“John想到用爆米花帮助他们”这个情节就已经明确了“解决矛盾”的具体方法，而且续写第一段首句“When Mrs.Meredit heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good onetoo.”进一步确定妈妈也同意了这个点子，那么后文就只需要按部就班地展开情节即可。比如可以具体展开“制作爆米花”的过程，通过不断切换描写对象和句式，来构成这部分的微情节。

人物1-孩子们-确定计划，拿出玉米，交给妈妈
人物2-Meredith 太太-做好爆米花，装袋
环境-房间-A:香味;B:房间;C:面包房

决定了计划之后，三个孩子从橱柜里拿出那盒玉米，交给他们的妈妈，并在一旁等着。没过多久，爆米花就做好了，Meredith太太找到一个袋子，把这些金黄色的零食装进去。爆米花的香味弥漫了整个房子，好似变魔术一般，屋子变成了面包房。
Having determined their plan, the three kids fetched the box of corn from the cupboard, gave it to their mother and waited aside.Before long,with the popcorn ready, MrsMeredith found a bag filling it with the gold-like snack.The smell of the popcorn filled the house, which, as if by magic, had turned into a bakery.

例2“Poppy的新伙伴”【2020·浙江卷】
前文情节:一家三口养了只狗Poppy。儿子去上大学了，Poppy非常难过。爸爸妈妈为了让它开心起来，带回了另一只小狗来陪伴它。

微情节构建:
核心矛盾是“Poppy因想念小主人而茶饭不思”。由所给短文中提到的“’Ihave an idea,but it might be a little crazy,smiled Mom(母亲想到可以带回家一只小狗来陪伴Poppy).”和“Dad opened the box and a sweet little dogappeared(父亲打开盒子，一只可爱的小狗出现了).”可知，文章已经明确给出了解决矛盾的办法，而且已经执行了。因此我们按部就班地展开情节即可，比如描写Poppy看到另一只小狗后的反应，以及两只小狗的互动。

可呼应的细节:
①前文提到小主人不在家后，“Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner,her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk(Poppy对吃饭，最喜欢的玩具，甚至每日的散步都提不起兴趣).”，我们可以呼应这个细节，构建动作描写，让两只小狗分享玩具。
②前文有提到“The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy livingthere(小主人不在，整个房子安静得像个坟墓).”，我们可以抓住这个细节进行呼应，构建环境描写的比喻:“叫声充斥着房子，房子变成了乐园”。

人物 1-Poppy-看了看，低下头嗅了嗅
人物 2-两只小狗-分享玩具，成为朋友，快乐玩耍
环境-整个屋子-A:叫声;B:房子;C:乐园

观察了一会儿，Poppy低下头，嗅了嗅小狗。不久，两个可爱的小动物分享了玩具，成了好朋友，开心地在家里玩耍。叫声响彻了整个房子，仿佛被施了魔法似的，房子变成了一个游乐场。
Having watched for a while, Poppy bent down and sniffed at the little dog.Before long, with the toys shared,the two lovely creatures became good friendsplaying in the house delightedly. The bark filled the house, which, as if by magic had turned into a playground.

例3“潮妈”【2017·浙江卷】
前文情节:我的母亲很健忘，还有些“古怪”,但是她很有爱。我的童年因为她而变得很精彩。有一次我们要去看祖父母，爸妈决定一路自驾。一路上母亲依旧健忘、不靠谱，甚至还提出在别人家后院搭帐篷住，被我们拒绝了。

微情节构建:
核心矛盾是“母亲想搭帐篷住”。续写第一段首句“The next day we remembered the brand- new tent we had brought with us(第二天我们想起了我们带着的崭新的帐篷).”明确了解决矛盾的方法，那么我们同样只需要按部就班地展开情节即可。比如可以描写一家人搭帐篷、露营的场面:

人物 1-我 、David 和父亲-从车上卸东西、搭帐篷
人物 2-母亲-做饭
环境-河流-A:落日;B:河流;C:金丝带

到达河岸后，David 和我帮爸爸卸下了我们需要的所有野营装备，并开始搭建帐篷。与此同时，妈妈满脸笑容，在移动烤箱上做意大利面，漫不经心地哼着歌。夕阳照亮了这条河，这条河仿佛变魔术似的，变成了一条金色的丝带。
Having arrived at the riverbank,David and I helped Dad unload all the camping equipment we needed and set up the tent.Meanwhile, with her face beaming,Mom cooked spaghetti with the mobile oven,humming casually.The setting sun lit up the river, which, as if by magic, had turned into a golden ribbon.

伏笔发酵

在阅读所给短文的时候，要寻找一些可呼应的细节。呼应细节可以体现学生的阅读能力、串联前后的逻辑思考能力以及从细节升华主题的写作能力。在部分续写的题目中，前文所设置的伏笔细节，其实就是解决故事核心矛盾的关键，抓住这个关键，让伏笔“发酵”，可以帮助我们完美地设置故事的转折。在这种思路下，行文相对多变，并没有太固定的句型，我们需要熟练运用之前所学的词、句、段的处理方法。

例1“失聪插班生”【2020·山东省济宁市兖州区高三下学期第一次网络模拟考试】
前文情节:开学第一天，班上来了一个有听力障碍的新生Raf老师把他安排在我旁边坐下。我心里很别扭，因为我觉得残疾人应该都不太聪明。开始上课了，老师让我们分享假期的见闻，Rafael主动分享。

所给伏笔:
“How can a disabled person be intelligent?”I thought to myself.
我认为Rafael不太聪明。

微情节构建:
转折-Rafael的分享非常精彩
呼应伏笔-我彻底改变了之前的想法

One possible version:
Instead of stammering as we expectedthe disabled boy shared his story with such a magnetic voice and incredible fluency. The moment he finished his sharing,all the whole class burst into thunderous applause. I had never felt so shocked before. Seeing the confident look on Rafael’s face, I felt as if he had been a rock star. “Never judge a book by its cover,”I said to myself.
翻译:这个残疾男孩没有像我们预期的那样结巴，而是用如此有磁性的声音来分享他的故事，并且流畅得令人难以置信。他的分享一结束，全班就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。我从未如此惊讶。看到Rafael脸上自信的表情，我觉得他好像是个摇滚明星。“千万不要以貌取人。”我对自己说道。

机缘巧合

续写题目中如果所给短文和续写段首句并没有给出解决矛盾的方向和线索，也没有办法借助上文中的“灵光一闪”“发奋图强”“真情感化”等几种思路来化解矛盾，那么我们可以借助“机缘巧合”的力量，设置一个“从天而降”的事件，让故事发生转折。但是要注意的是，续写是“先有读，后有写”的，需要先寻找所给短文中的已有线索，在此基础上串联下文，所以“机缘巧合”的写法相对来说只是下策。

例1“健忘教授”
前文情节:一位非常健忘的教授，外出带孩子玩，但是到了车站竟然忘了要去的小镇叫什么。这时我们就可以设置一个“机缘巧合”，让他的朋友“从天而降”来帮助他。
However, by the time they arrived at the station, Smith forgot the name of the town he wasplanning to visitLuckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station. He offered to take careof the children while Smith hurried back home to find out where he was going.
翻译:然而，当他们到达车站时，Smith 忘记了他打算去的城镇的名字。幸运的是，他的一个朋友碰巧在车站。他主动提出可以照顾孩子们，而 Smith 则急忙赶回家，去弄明白他的目的地是哪里。

例2
“狼出没”【2020·浙江省宁波市十校联盟高三3月模拟联考】
前文情节:我是一头小狼，和Louis叔叔一起在雪夜中外出，来到了人类的住所。根据正能量结局要求，后文“人一狼”互动的结局一定是正面的，不能发生直接的冲突，但是刚开始双方一定都会受到惊吓，所以我们需要设计一个转折点来化解紧张的气氛。比如我的弟弟突然做了一些比较可爱甚至笨拙的事情。
All the humans looked at us in terror, and so did us.Just then, my little brother, not knowing what happened at all, began imitating their dancing clumsily. A burst of laughter broke out from the crowd, which unexpectedly eased the tension.
翻译:所有的人类都惊恐地看着我们，我们也惊恐地看着他们。就在那时，我的不了解状况的弟弟开始笨拙地模仿他们跳舞。人群中爆发出一阵笑声，出乎意料地缓和了紧张的气氛。

Mindmap解析

微情节之“解决矛盾”最先出现在Clarissa Study。

愈演愈烈

微情节构建:
环境：不断恶化
心理：即将崩溃
动作：不知所措

可搭配句型:
随着情况的恶化，某人快要崩溃了，完全不知道该怎么办。
As/With+恶化的情况，sb.was on the edge ofbreaking down, totally at a loss what to do.

【使用要点】
①该句式往往用于“矛盾激化”情节，往往是通过外在情况的恶化来衬托主人公负面的心理;
②句子的后半部分内容不涉及具体的情节，因此可以直接使用，需要构思的只有“情况恶化”这部分;
③as是连词，后面可以接含谓语动词的句子等结构;而with是介词，后面只能用非谓语结构。

例1“北极熊”【2020·浙江卷】
前文情节:我和妻子Elli去加拿大北部拍摄北极熊期间，北极熊袭击了我们的营地。我们使尽各种办法都不奏效，最后我朝它脸上喷了辣椒水，北极熊吼叫着跑去湖边洗脸。
Paragraph 1:A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.几分钟后，熊回到了营地。
微情节构建:
环境：北极熊继续攻击营地
心理：我们的心理即将崩溃
动作：我们不知所措
当那只熊第二次试图用它巨大的爪子推倒栅栏时，我们几乎崩溃了，完全不知所措。
“as”版本:As the bear was trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws for the second time, we were on the edge of breaking down, totally at a loss what to do.
“with”版本:With the bear trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws for the second time, we were on the edge of breaking down, totally at a loss what to do.

例2“荒野求生”【2016·浙江卷】
前文情节:Jane和丈夫出去玩，但是他俩在路上吵架了，Jane 一气之下自己先走了，结果迷失在了丛林中。飞过来的直升机被树木遮挡了，使她错过了获救机会，她想找一个空旷的地方求救。
Paragraph 1: But no more helicopter came and it was getting darkagain.但是再也没有直升机飞来，天又渐渐黑了。
微情节构建:
环境：马上要天黑了
心理：Jane的心理即将崩溃
动作：Jane 不知所措
随着夜幕笼罩森林，Jane快要崩溃了，完全不知道该怎么办。
“as”版本:As the night swept the forest, Jane was on the edge of breaking down, totally at a loss what to do.
“with”版本:With the night sweeping the forest, Jane was on the edge of breaking down, totally at a loss what to do.

希望渐微

微情节构建:
动作：已经使出浑身解数
结果：情况没有好转

可搭配句型:
(1)尽管某人已经绝望地……了，……(情况没有好转)。
Despite sb.’s desperate (doing) sth.,..
(2)尽管某人已经使出了浑身解数，……(情况没有好转)。
Every possible trick though/as sb. had attempted,.….

【使用要点】
①以上两个句式往往用于“激化矛盾”部分，用来渲染主人公的绝望心理;
②两句后半句需要构思“情况没有好转”的部分;句(1)前半句需要构思主人公“做过的尝试”;
③句(1)、(2)的前半句与后半句间都不能使用but连接;(1)、(2)两个句子可以相互转换;
④句(1)的“despite”属于介词，后面要用名词或动名词。

例1 “海上遇险”【2020·山东省泰安市高二上学期期末】
前文情节:我们一家去海滩玩，我不会游泳，就去划一条小渔船，突然海浪袭来……
Paragraph 1: My boat was pulled towards the deeper part.我的船被(海浪)拉向更深的地方。
微情节构建:
动作：我绝望地呼叫/我已经使出了浑身解数
结果：没有人注意到我

(1)尽管我绝望地呼叫，但没有人注意到我，因为他们离我太远了。
①Despite my desperate shouting, no one noticed me since they were too far away.
②Desperately though/ as I had shouted,no one noticed me since they were too far away.
(2)尽管我已经使出了浑身解数，但没有人注意到我，因为他们离我太远了。
①Despite every possible trick I had attempted no one noticed me since they were too far away.
②Every possible trickthough/ as I had attempted,no one noticed me since they were too far away.

例2“救命之树”【2021·湖南师范大学附属中学高三下学期3月模拟】
前文情节:Sami寒假去祖父的村庄，那里的人们砍倒了许多椰子树，几乎没剩下任何绿色植物。有天夜晚，海啸突然来袭……
Paragraph 1: Grandpa held Sami’s hand tightly but a huge wave separated them.
祖父紧紧握住Sami的手，但一个巨浪把他们分开了。

微情节构建:
动作：祖父不顾一切地和海浪搏斗/祖父已经使出了浑身解数
结果：祖父没有抓住 Sami

(1)尽管祖父不顾一切地和海浪搏斗，但依然没有抓住 Sami，Sami被冲走了。
①Despite Grandpa’s desperate fighting the waves, he failed to catch Sami who was drifted away.
② Desperately though/ as Grandpa had fought the waves, he failed to catch Sami who was drifted away.
(2)尽管父已经使出了浑身解数，但依然没有抓住 Sami，Sami被冲走了。
①Despite every possible trick Grandpa had attempted,he failed to catch Sami who was drifted away.
② Every possible trick though/ as Grandpa had attemptedhe failed to catch Sami who was drifted away.

例3“火灾时救老人”【2020·福建省莆田一中高二上学期期末】
前文情节:Tom 家楼下的汽车店发生了火灾，Tom 和姐姐 Jane 赶紧从家里逃出来。在逃生的途中，Jane折回公寓楼去救一个独居的老人，Tom也跟了回去。他们使劲敲门大喊。
Paragraph 1: Tom noticed the flame was reaching up.Tom注意到大火正在蔓延过来。

微情节构建:
动作：他们疯狂地敲门/他们已经使出了浑身解数
结果：没人回应

(1)尽管他们疯狂敲门，但依然没有人回应。
①Despite their desperate pounding at the door, there was no answer.
② Desperately though/ as they had pounded at the door, there was no answer.
(2)尽管他们已经使出了浑身解数，但依然没有人回应。
①Despite every possible trick they had attempted, there was no answer.
② Every possible trick though/as they had attempted, there was no answer.

食不知味

微情节构建:
环境：客观环境很好
心理：主观感知很差

可搭配句型:
虽然环境……(客观事实)，但是在某人看来……(主观感知)。
Although+环境+was +adj.,it seemed + adj./n.+ to sb..
adj.+ thqugh/as + 环境+was, it seemed + adj./n. + to sb..

【使用要点】
①该句式使用位置比较自由，文章前中后涉及环境描写的地方都可以使用。
②前后分句描写的是同一事物。借助“客观事实”和“主观感知”之间的落差，表现人物内心。
③“客观事实”和“主观感知”要形成“正一负”对比。

例1“现在几点?”
前文情节:凌晨时分，Fairfax先生在开车途中感觉太累，就把车停在路边，打算在车里打个盹儿。但是不断有人敲车窗问他时间……

微情节构建:
环境：凌晨的街道很安静
心理：Fairfax先生认为街道很吵闹

虽然那时的街道非常安静，但是在Fairfax先生看来却吵闹无比。(安静-吵闹)
①Although the road was totally quiet at that time, it seemed like a crowded one to Mr. Fairfax.
② Totally quiet though/ as the road was at that time,it seemed like a crowded one to Mr. Fairfax.

例2“女儿的电话”
前文情节:我接到“女儿”的电话后，焦急地跑去女儿的房间。

微情节构建:
环境：走廊的路很短
心理：在我看来很长

虽然走廊的路很短，但在我看来却漫长无比。(短一长)
①Although the path of the corridor was short, it seemed such a long way to me.
② Short as/ though the path of the corridor was, it seemed such a long way to me.

回忆如潮

(1)刺激→回忆

微情节构建
外界刺激：当……时
心理：唤醒……的回忆

可搭配句型:
当……时，所有那些……的回忆都涌入了某人的脑海中。
When.., all those + adj.+ memories/ things crowded into one’s mind.

【使用要点】
①该句式如果用于文章开头，往往是负面回忆。如果用于文章结尾，则往往是正面回忆。
②memories/things可以借用从句拓展具体的内容，如“all those things that happened to me
when I was a substitute teacher crowded into my mind”，当然如果原文并没有详细的内容可供参考，也可以简化为good/badmemories。
③回忆的描述:可以找原文中正面或负面的形容词，如“miserable”“wonderful”等，直接用于描述回忆;也可以用曾出现过的具体的人、事、物来替代回忆。

例1“现在几点?”
前文情节:凌晨时分，连续开车很久的Fairfax先生感觉太累，就把车停在路边，打算在车里打个盹儿。但是不断有人敲车窗问他时间，他就在车窗上贴了张告示，上面写着“我不知道现在几点”，结果警察来了。

微情节构建:
外界刺激：警察敲击车窗
心理：“烦人的询问时间的声音”涌人Fairfax先生的脑海

当警察开始敲车窗时，所有那些恼人的询问时间的声音都涌人了Fairfax先生的脑海。
When the policeman started knocking at the car windowall those annoying voices asking about time crowded into Mr. Fairfax’s mind.

例2 “女儿的电话”
前文情节:我接到“女儿”的电话后，意识到沟通和倾听的重要性，看着正在熟睡的天使般的女儿，我不禁陷人了沉思。

微情节构建:
外界刺激：看着天使般的女儿
心理：我拒绝倾听的场景涌人脑海

当我看着天使般的女儿，所有那些我拒绝倾听的场景都涌人了我的脑海。
When I gazed at my angel-like daughter,all those scenes where I had refused to listen crowded into my mind.

(2)回忆→动作

微情节构建:
心理：回忆/反思着……
动作：回忆/反思着……同时做了某个动作

可搭配句型:
回忆/反思着……，某人……。
Reflecting on what had happened, sb. …
【使用要点】
①该句式如果用于文章开头，往往是负面回忆。如果用于文章结尾，则往往是正面回忆。
②前半句中的“what had happened”可以用其他名词或从句替代，如“Reflecting on the accident” “Reflecting on what the little girl had said”;后半句中，可以安排某人做一个动作，同时用非谓语动词刻画细节的肢体语言、表情等。
③回忆的描述:可以找原文中正面或负面的形容词，如“miserable”“wonderful”等，直接用于描述回忆;也可以用曾出现过的具体的人、事、物来替代回忆。

例1“诚信的重量”
前文情节:Susan为了和伙伴出去玩，欺骗了祖母。

微情节构建:
心理：反思着发生的一切
动作：Susan低垂着头

Susan靠在树上，低垂着头，反思着发生的一切。
Reflecting on what had happened,Susan leaned on the tree, with her head drooping.

例2“标枪少年”
前文情节:我一直都比较平庸，没有找到自己的特长。偶然一次在体育课上投标枪时，我发现自己竟然有此特长。

微情节构建:
心理：回想着同学们的欢呼声
动作：我高兴地跳了起来

回想着同学们的欢呼声，我不禁跳了起来，脸上绽开笑靥。
Reflecting on the classmates’cheers,I couldn’t help jumping, my face beaming with joy.

悔不当初

微情节构建:
外界刺激：情况非常糟糕
心理：如果……就好了

可搭配句型:
意识到自己身处如此绝望的境地后，某人心想，“如果我(没有)……就好了。”
Realizing what a desperate situation sb. was in,sb.thought to oneself, “If only I had (not) done….”

【使用要点】
①该句式一般在负面的情节中使用，描写主人公绝望、后悔的心理状态。
②前半句不需要做改动，只需要在后半句的引号中构思一个主人公“想做而未做”或者“不该做却做了”的动作，同时用虚拟语气呈现出来即可。这在内容上可以帮助我们很好地利用原文中的素材。
③在原文出现的令主人公之后后悔的动作词是我们在使用这个句式时需要着重关注的。

例1“荒野求生”【2016·浙江卷】
前文情节:Jane和丈夫出去玩，但是他俩在路上吵架了，Jane 一气之下自己先走了，结果迷失在丛林中。

微情节构建:
外界刺激：情况非常糟糕
心理：如果自己没有和丈夫吵架就好了

意识到她的处境是如此令人绝望，Jane 心想:“如果我没有跟Tom吵架就好了。”
Realizing what a desperate situation she was in,Jane thought to herself,“If only I had not quarreled with Tom.”

例2“野狼追击”【2017·浙江卷】
前文情节:Mac在户外骑行时遇到了野狼的追击。

微情节构建:
外界刺激：情况非常糟糕
心理：如果自己待在家里没出门就好了

意识到他的处境是如此令人绝望，Mac心想:“要是我待在家里就好了。”
Realizing what a desperate situation he was in,Mac thought to himself,“If only I had stayed at home.”

【句式升级】
在该句式中，前半句可以替换为①Beingaware of what a desperate situation sb. was in ② Struck by such a desperate situation。同时，可以在句中插入具体的情绪，用“sb.was seized with regret”替换掉“sb.thought to oneself”

微情节构建:
外界刺激：情况非常糟糕
情绪：万般后悔
心理：如果(没有)……就好了

以上的例子分别可以修改为:
例1:意识到她的处境是如此令人绝望，Jane后悔万分，“如果我没有跟Tom吵架就好了。”
Being aware of what a desperate situation she was in,Jane was seized with regret,“If only I had not quarreled with Tom.”
例2:遭遇如此令人绝望的情况，Mac后悔万分，“要是我待在家里就好了。”
Struck by sucha desperate situation, Mac was seized with regret,“If only I had stayed at home.”

度日如年

前文我们提到要适时切换叙事的节奏，让文章在有限的篇幅内交代充足的信息，同时详略有致。虽然大多数读后续写的叙事都是比较紧凑连贯的，但是在有些文章中，确实会需要对叙事的时间进行一定的留白，这就需要我们适时地按下“快进键”。
同时，矛盾的升级需要时间，情绪的发酵需要时间，矛盾的解决也需要时间。因此我们可以在有限的写作篇幅内，用“快进键”拉长矛盾持续的时间，为后续的故事高潮蓄力。以下提供三种比较常用的句式:

句式1
接下来的几分钟/几小时/几天就像过了好几年。
The following minutes/ hours/ days felt like years.

句式2
沉默/绝望持续了一段时间。
Silence/Despair continued for some time.

句式3
某人的大脑一片空白，直到……某人才清醒过来。
With one’s mind going blank, it was not until… that sb. came to oneself.

Mindmap解析

微情节之“激化矛盾”最先出现在Clarissa Study。

“矛盾(负)”决定了故事的起点

小时候看《西游记》，年幼的吞吞就一直想不通一个问题:既然孙悟空一个筋斗十万八千里，那为何不直接让他去西天把经书取回来呢?后来吞吞才明白，故事的起点本就是矛盾冲突。有了矛盾，人们才需要去克服艰难险阻，对抗天灾人祸;有了冲突，人世间才会有悲欢离合，国恨家仇。没有矛盾，就没有精彩的故事可说。读后续写本质上是一种“故事续写”，也必然有矛盾。在新课程标准的框架下，这些矛盾又可以归于人与自然、人与社会和人与自我三大类的矛盾。找到这个矛盾，就找到了故事的起点。

“转折(转)”决定了高潮的展开

故事的转折是为了解决之前的矛盾，是之前积累的矛盾、冲突、负面情绪的集中释放。续写中转折有可能是题目已经写明或者给出了线索和方向，也有可能需要学生进行合理的想象，完整构建矛盾解决的过程。这个转折决定了故事高潮的展开。当然转折后也有可能矛盾暂未解决，抑或出现了新的矛盾。

“结局(正)”决定了故事的终点

“正能量”的结局

高考作为选拔性考试，当然也会包含对价值观的考查。因此续写文章的主题应该是积极的，结局也应该是积极的。虽然不能说悲剧的结尾就一定消极，但是在处理的难度上，“happy ending”要比“bad ending”更易于传播正能量，弘扬真善美。正向的结局决定了故事的终点。

“正能量”不等于“皆大欢喜”

例1 “监守自盗”【2021·江苏省南通市高二上学期期中】
文章讲述了银行职员Jack，因妻子出车祸急需手术费，而利用职权之便盗窃工作银行的故事。文章写到他成功抢走一大袋钱之后，出现了续写的两个段首句:

Paragraph 1:After Jack had been gone from the bank for a whilethe alarms began to ring.
翻译:Jack离开银行一段时间后，警报响了起来。
Paragraph 2:But the most unlucky man was the manager of the bank, an old man.
翻译:但最倒霉的是银行经理，一位老人。

不难发现，所给文章和两个段首句，其实都没有提示“Jack会落网”。但是我们需要一个正能量的结局，所以Jack不能逍遥法外。虽然设计结局让Jack自首或者被捕，对于Jack和他的妻子来说，一定不是好事，因此，正能量的结局不等同于皆大欢喜!

例2“舞蹈比赛”【2020·江苏省涟水中学高二下学期段测】
文章主人公Mary，之前因出车祸而受伤，她特别想要通过一场比赛重新证明自己。Linda是她的竞争对手，但是临近比赛，Linda把配乐磁带弄丢了，随后出现了续写的两个段首句:

Paragraph 1:Suddenly,Mary caught sight ofa black box under the chair where Linda put her bag.
翻译:突然，Mary看见Linda放包的椅子下面有一个黑盒子。
Paragraph 2: Hearing her name calledMary walked on the stage with her heart beating faster and faster.
翻译:听到有人叫她的名字，Mary走上舞台，心跳得越来越快。

本文其实涉及两处矛盾需要解决:①磁带:根据正能量结局的要求，Mary应该把磁带交还给Linda，而不是私藏或者扔掉。②比赛:因为“交还磁带”已经突出了“诚信”的正能量主题，所以Mary是可以输掉比赛的。与例1一样，结局虽然没有皆大欢喜，但是却是满足正能量结局要求的。

“结局”不等于“结尾”

除了正能量不等于皆大欢喜外，我们还要注意:故事的结局不等同于文章的结尾。故事的结局是“矛盾被解决了”，但文章结尾往往需要我们回扣主题，进行升华等以更进一步地点题。

例“家中遇蛇”【2020·山东省威海市一模】
文章讲述了Roman待在家里非常无聊，有一天在沙发下抓出一条蛇，他以为是假的就扔向了弟弟，过后才意识到是一条真蛇!随后出现了续写的两个段首句:
Paragraph 1: As Roman was farther from the snake,he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain
翻译:Roman离蛇更远，他跳到窗前抓住窗帘。
Paragraph 2:After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home.
翻译:救援队抓住蛇并将其带走后，所有人都回到了屋里。

根据两个段首句给出的线索可知这是一个“家中遇险，最终得救”的故事。但是所给文章开头大肆渲染了Roman的“百无聊赖”:
“Usual boring day!”This would be the answer from Roman if somebody asked him how his day was. These days he found everything boring, nothing excited him.
因此，在危机解除后，我们应该回扣“无聊”这个点，对主题进行升华，比如:At home, safety comes first not excitement.

用“负一转一正”标记故事轮廓

本部分以高考真题为例,粗线条地梳理一下“负一转一正”的故事线,宏观地把握故事的走向。下文将用“【负】”标记“矛盾”或者说“负面情节”的截止位置，用“【转”和“转】”标记“转折”的起止，用“【正”和“正】”标记“正向结局”的起止，梳理概括大体的情节梗概，并推测正能量的结局。

“负一转一正”

例题：“荒野求生”【2016浙江卷】

One weekend in July, Jane and her husbandTom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest.Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom,“I’m going to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away.
With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time After she had climbed to a high place, she turned aroundhoping to see the lake.To her surprise,she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond,a snowcapped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost.
“Tom!” she cried.“Help!”
No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom.Jane kept moving,but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. As night was beginning to fallJane was so tired that she had to stop for the night.Lying awake in the dark,Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.
Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty She could hear watertrickling(滴落) somewhere at a distance, Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above.A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse,thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.

Paragraph 1: But no more helicopter came and it wag getting dark again.负】___________________________
【转___________________________________________________________________________________________________转】________________________________________________________________________________________________________【正
Paragraph 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________正】

本题故事的转折也可以发生在第二段，则故事轮廓为:

Paragraph 1: But no more helicopter came and it wag getting dark again._________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. ______________________________________________________负】
【转______________________________________________________________________________________________________转】
【正_____________________________________________________________________________________________________正】

在以上两种情况中，不管转折是发生在第一段还是第二段，最后的结局根据“负一转一正”的脉络，都应该是Jane获救。两种情况不同的是，转折节点的设置会影响到各个板块的篇幅和内容。
如果转折发生在第一段，那么Jane在第一段就应该获救，而第二段“Jane醒来”之后，应该都是获救之后的情节;如果转折发生在第二段，那么第一段就应该描写她“荒野求生”的细节，而第二段，则要安排她获救的情节。
这两种设计从逻辑上讲，没有孰优孰劣。但是，由于整个所给短文的设定几乎都是在丛林中，所以“获救后”的情节和描写很容易跳脱出前文的设定。从这个角度讲，把转折设计在第二段是更优的处理方式。

“负一转—负一转一正”

例1“Poppy的新伙伴”【2020·浙江卷】
“I’m going to miss you so much,Poppy,”said the tall,thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.He stood up,hugged his parents, and smiledtrying not to let his emotions(情绪) get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control.They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying.It was time to say goodbye for now at leastThe family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.“I guess this is it,” he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month,okay?”His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.The boy’s mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there.All that week, Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner her favorite toy,or even in her daily walk Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn’t.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats.They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self.Her owners started to get worried.“What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad.“We’ve tried everything.”负】
【转“I havean idea, but it might be a little crazy,”smiled Mom.“Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun.Let’s get a little dog for Poppy.
It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usualbut when she saw the box,she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging(摆动)ever so slowly then faster as she caught the smell.

Paragraph 1: Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.______________________________– 转】
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________【正
Paragraph 2:A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________正】

前情提要：一家三口养了一只小狗Poppy。儿子离开家去上大学了。
负-：Poppy因为小主人不在，茶饭不思
转↑：父亲将另一只小狗带回家陪伴它
正+：Poppy开心了起来，儿子回到家，全家都很开心

同上文例1一样，本题也可以设置双转折。如果“另一只小狗”的出现能够解决“Poppy茶饭不思”的矛盾，那么后面直到结局就都是正向的。如果“另一只小狗”的出现不能解决“Poppy茶饭不思”的矛盾，那么就需要在“男孩回到家”后再设置一个转折，最终引向正能量的结局。
负-：Poppy因为小主人不在，茶饭不思
转↑↓：父亲将另一只小狗带回家陪伴它
负-：Poppy还是不开心
转↑：男孩回到家
正+：Poppy开心了起来

双线线索

除上述介绍的几种故事轮廓，少数读后续写题所给短文的情节和需要续写的情节可能是割裂的。

例1“职业选择”【2020·浙江省嘉兴一中高二段测】
所给短文部分情节:高中毕业之后，“我”在上大学之前，需要确定职业方向。“我”在医学和商科之间纠结。分别体验过两种工作后，“我”更倾向于商科。
不难发现所给短文部分一直在叙述“择业”的事情。

In 1989,fresh out of high school,I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan,there were limited options: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn’t interested in engineering, so that I was left with medicine or business.I couldn’t decide.
I began thinking about my two experiences.The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stress.The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult.It seemed that the business option was going to win out.

而两个段首提示句讲述的却是:一个男孩从车上掉下来……我去医院看望这个男孩……
Paragraph 1: Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus.
Paragraph 2:The next day,when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces.

故所给短文与需要续写的部分情节上是割裂的。碰到这种情况，我们需要“把两条线合二为一”，也就是需要寻找两条线的交集。而“选医学还是选商科”与“男孩受伤，去医院探病”之间，唯一的联系就是“医学、医院、救死扶伤”，也就意味着:“我”最终应该会选择医学!因此情节设计时在叙述完“男孩受伤”的故事线之后，应该回到“职业选择”的故事线，最终引出“我选择了学医”的结局。

Mindmap解析

读后续写情节素描-“负一转一正”的情节轮廓最先出现在Clarissa Study。

①She raised her head and saw the familiar face of her mother.
翻译:她抬起头，看到母亲熟悉的面庞。
②“Yes,” she said weakly and hung/drooped/lowered her head
翻译:“是的。”她弱弱地说道并低下了头。
③Mei Mei ducked her head down so her long hair covered her face.
翻译:Mei Mei低下了头，长长的头发遮住了她的脸。
④Bei Bei’s head drooped when he was scolded by his father.
翻译:贝贝被父亲责备的时候，他的脑袋耷拉了下来。
⑤ George nodded promptly and seized the lottery ticket and kissed it.
翻译:George 立马点头并抓住彩票吻了吻。
⑥Tom scratched his head, at a loss what to say.
翻译:Tom挠了挠头，不知道该说什么。
⑦He rested his head on the desk, staring at the mountain in the distance.
翻译:他把头倚靠在书桌上，盯着远处的山。

脸

①When she saw the little dog, her face lit up.
翻译:看到这只小狗，她的脸上绽出笑靥。
②Pappy’s face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.
翻译:看到她兴奋的笑容时，Pappy的脸似乎泛着红晕。
③He ran into his mother’s arms, his face beaming with happiness.
翻译:他奔向母亲的怀抱，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
④A bright smile spread across the little girl’s face.
翻译:小女孩的脸上绽出一个灿烂的笑容。
⑤Her face flushed/burned with embarrassment.
翻译:她尴尬得满脸通红。=
⑥Finding the room in a mess, his mother was blue in the face.
翻译:发现房间一团糟，他妈妈气得脸色铁青。
⑦When he heard the news, his face turned pale.
翻译:听到这个消息，他面色变得惨白。
⑧ Don’t make a face at me!
翻译:别对我做鬼脸了!

脸颊

①Her cheeks were shining with tears
翻译:她的脸颊上闪烁着泪滴。
②The lady hugged Tim and kissed him on both cheeks.
翻译:这位女士拥抱了Tim 并亲吻了他的脸颊。
③Her cheeks were illumined by the fire under the dark.
翻译:她的脸颊被黑暗中的火焰照亮了。
④With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks, Prather hugged Gilleece tightly.
翻译:感激的眼泪顺着脸颊淌下，Prather 紧紧地抱住了 Gilleece。

眼睛

1、Look (侧重看的动作)
eye 细看，stare 盯着，gaze 凝视，glance 扫视，glare 怒视，watch 观看，observe 观察，scan 细看
2、See(侧重看的结果)
find 发现，notice 注意到，discover 发现，spot 目睹，catch sight of 看见，get a glimpse of 瞥见

①Then her eyes lit up with excitement.
翻译:随后她的眼睛因为兴奋亮了起来。
②Her eyes brightened when noticing my dog
翻译:当她注意到我的狗，她的眼睛亮了起来。
③ She bravely looked the girls in the eye
翻译:她勇敢地直视这些女孩们的眼睛。
④ Tears blurred my eyes.
翻译:泪水模糊了我的双眼。
⑤Mary eyed me from top to toe
翻译:Mary从头到脚打量我。
⑥His eyes fell on the torn cotton toy rat.
翻译:他的目光落在了这只破旧的棉布玩具鼠上面。
⑦Sally didn’t take her eyes off Bella.
翻译:Sally的眼睛无法离开Bella。
⑧Tears shone in Dora’s eyes.
翻译:Dora的眼睛里闪烁着泪光。
The pigeon caught everyone’s eye.
翻译:这只鸽子吸引了所有人的注意。
⑩I followed her, not believing my eyes.
翻译:我跟着她，无法相信我的眼睛(所看到的)。
⑪He avoided making eye-contact with anyone.
翻译:他避免和任何人有眼神接触。
⑫He turned his desperate eyes toward Rebecca.
翻译:他用绝望的眼神看向Rebeccao
⑬I stopped at a shelf that caught my eye.
翻译:我停在了那个吸引了我注意的架子前。
⑭Whenever he told a lie, he would usually blink his eyes quickly.
翻译:他说谎的时候通常会快速地眨眼。
⑮It was by total bad luck that my eyes happened to meet Ms. Sullivan’s.
翻译:真倒霉，我和Sullivan女士的眼神碰巧就对上了。
⑩“Get ready to run, William,” she said keeping an eye on the motionless snake.
翻译:“准备跑，William。”她一边说一边密切注意着这条一动不动的蛇。
⑰Alexis,a high school student, let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife.
翻译:高中生 Alexis，用她的眼睛慵懒地扫视着这块地方以寻找野生动物的迹象。

嘴巴

1、Say(说)
utter 说，whisper 轻声说，shout 叫，exclaim 大叫，add 补充道，repeat 重复道，grumble 嘟囔，mumble 嘟囔，blurt out 脱口而出
2、Eat(吃)
taste 品尝，dine 用餐，chew 咀嚼，swallow 吞咽，wolfdown 狼吞虎咽
注:语言描写同样是续写中很重要的一类描写方式，所以“说”相关的表达在后文“语言描写”的板
块中详细展开。

手

1、Take(拿)
hold 抓住，grab 抓住，grasp 紧抓，fetch 取
2、Beat(拍、打)
hit 击，打，strike 撞击，knock 敲，pound 反复击打，pat 轻拍，tap 轻敲

①The woman was holding the hand of a little boy
翻译:这个女人牵着一个小男孩的手。
② She pulled me by the hand toward the window.
翻译:她拉着我的手，把我领向窗户。
③ Jack reached out his hand trying to grab the rope.
翻译:Jack伸出手，试图抓住绳子。
④He reached his hands towards a big vase when he heard a noise.
翻译:他把手伸向一个大花瓶时，突然听到一个声响。
⑤He handed it to his wife with a mysterious smile on his face.
翻译:他带着神秘的笑容，把它递给妻子。
⑥I refused to raise my hand expecting someone else would.
翻译:我拒绝举手，期待着其他人会举。
⑦Her hands shook so badly that she couldn’t read her notes.
翻译:她的手颤抖得如此厉害以至于她看不清笔记。
⑧ The audience were so thrilled that they couldn’t stop clapping their hands.
翻译:观众们激动地不停鼓掌。
⑨Mei Mei put a handful of cookies into a small tray and left the kitchen.
翻译:MeiMei把一把饼干放进一个小托盘，离开了厨房。
⑩Iextended my hands and they tentatively suckled at my fingers.
翻译:我伸出双手，它们试探性地吮吸着我的手指。
⑪He had planted them with his own hands and today they had become large, massive trees with thick trunks.
翻译:他亲手种下了这些树，如今它们已经长成了有着粗大树干的参天大树。
⑫“I haven’t stolen anything. Just let me go or I will shoot,”cried Carlpointing the gun at the professor with his trembling hands.
翻译:“我什么都没偷。放我走，不然我就开枪。”Carl喊道，用颤抖的手把枪指着教授。
⑬As Igrasped the javelin in my hand, I was seized with a strange feelinga new-found excitement.
翻译:把标枪握在手中时，我有一种奇怪的感觉–一种新发现的兴奋。
⑭He clenched his fists, his face burning with rage.
翻译:他攥紧双拳，一脸愤怒。
⑮Jason shook his fist at the naughty boy who ruined his garden.
翻译:Jason冲着那个糟蹋他的花园的淘气包挥舞拳头。
6His palms were sweaty, knees weak and arms heavy.
翻译:他手心冒汗，膝盖发软，双臂沉重。
⑰Ms. Sullivan gestured for Rafael to sit beside me.
翻译:Sullivan女士示意Rafael 坐在我边上。
⑱He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walkedbeing very careful not to spill the water he carried.
翻译:他一边走，一边把双手捧在身前，非常小心，以免把端着的水洒出来。

手臂

①“Thanks,” Dad said and put his arm around my shoulders.
翻译:“谢谢。”爸爸说着，伸手搂着我的肩膀。
②He took my arm and we walked slowly towards the car.
翻译:他挽着我的胳膊，我们慢慢地向汽车走去。
③And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.
翻译:她张开双臂欢迎他们。
④Bill threw himself into his parents’arms and hugged them tightly.
翻译:Bill 投入父母的怀抱，紧紧地拥抱着他们。
⑤With eyes wide open, she dashed forward and grabbed/ gathered the cat into her arms with trembling hands.
翻译:她睁大眼睛，冲上前去，用颤抖的手把猫咪抱入怀中。
⑥The mother turned to me,rounded me with her arms and whispered,“It is the best Christmas Day ever.”
翻译:这位母亲转过身来，搂着我，低声说:“这是有史以来最好的圣诞节。”
⑦He clung to his grandpa tightly
翻译:他紧紧地抱住爷爷。

肩膀

①The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder.
翻译:男孩把最后一个包扛在肩上。
② A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder.
翻译:办公室里的一位先生走过来，拍了拍Jason的肩膀。
③Within a few minutes her eyes closed. Her head dropped to her shoulders.
翻译:几分钟后她就闭上了眼睛。她的头垂到了肩上。
④ Swag just shrugged his shoulders, with an innocent expression on his face.
翻译:Swag 只是耸了耸肩，脸上带着无辜的表情。
⑤Amiddle-aged man grabbed his shoulders and said,“Yes, it’s you”.
翻译:一个中年男子抓住他的肩膀说:“是的，是你。”
⑥Christine shouldered her way through the crowd.
翻译:Christine侧身从人群中挤了过去。
⑦Her shoulders dropped as she replaced the lid of the can.
翻译:她把桶盖放回原处，肩膀垂了下来。
⑧Holly sat quietly in the car on the way home her head and shoulders thrusting forward as if willing the car to move faster.
翻译:Holly在回家的路上静静地坐在车里，她的头和肩膀向前伸，好像希望让车开得更快些。

心

①Mac’s heart jumped.
翻译:Mac的心猛地一跳。
②I felt my heart begin to pound.
翻译:我感到我的心开始怦怦直跳。
③Hearing the news, my heart sank.
翻译:听到这个消息，我的心沉了下去。
④I heard someone was unlocking the door,which made my heart beating wildly.
翻译:我听到有人在开门锁，这让我的心脏狂跳起来。
⑤A12-year-old boy saw a beautiful brooch in a shop window that set his heart racing
翻译:一个12岁的男孩在商店橱窗里看到一枚让他心跳加速的漂亮胸针。
⑥My heart softened/melted when I saw the warm scene.
翻译:看到这温暖的一幕，我的心融化了。
⑦Cold and hungry though she was, her heart was filled with joy/ gratitude.
翻译:尽管她又冷又饿，心里却充满了喜悦/感激。
⑧I felt a warm current welling up in my heart and surging through me.
翻译:我感到一股暖流涌上心头，在我身上涌动。
⑨His heart was not in school,but in the woods, where he often escaped alone camping there.
翻译:他的心不在学校，而在树林里，他常常一个人逃到那里露营。
⑩“It breaks my heart to tell you this,” she avoided eye-contact with me.
翻译:“告诉你这件事让我心碎。”她避免和我眼神接触。
⑪His voice was almost gone and his heart grew heavier.
翻译:他的声音几乎消失了，他的心也变得沉重起来。

手指

①At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys.
翻译:一开始，他们几乎害羞地用手指触碰着他们的玩具。
②He snapped his fingers and everything vanished into the air.
翻译:他打了一个响指，一切灰飞烟灭。
③ Steve dropped his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.
翻译:Steve 垂下眼睛，仔细地检查他的指尖。
④“SHUT UP!”The teacher pointed a warning finger at the naughty boys.
翻译:“闭嘴!” 老师指着这些淘气的男孩以示警告。
⑤“Sh!” Mom raised up a finger to her lips.
翻译:“嘘!” 妈妈把手指放在嘴唇上。
⑥Mr. Fairfax sat nervously in the car drumming his fingers on the wheel.
翻译:Fairfax先生不安地坐在车里，手指敲着方向盘。

腿

1、Walk(走)
wander 闲逛，march 齐步走，limp 跛行，tiptoe 踮着脚走，pace 踱步
2、Run(跑)
hurry 急匆匆地跑，fly 飞奔，rush 冲，dash 疾奔，storm 冲;闯

①He paced up and down in the corridor.
翻译:他在走廊里踱来踱去。
②Roger stood still and shook slightly in every leg
翻译:Roger一动不动地站着，两腿微微发抖。
③ Her legs trembled all the way to the front of the classroom.
翻译:她双腿一路颤抖着走到教室前面。
④Her legs just didn’t obey her.
翻译:她的腿就是不听使唤。
⑤ Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.
翻译:我们的腿又重又冷，感觉像冰块。
⑥We ran across the parking lot,through the cold and biting rain, as fast as our little legs could
carry us.
翻译:我们跑过停车场，冒着冰冷刺骨的雨，尽我们所能地快。
⑦The boss stormed out of the meeting room, slamming the door.
翻译:老板砰的一声关上门，冲出会议室。
⑧Frozen with fear, he was rooted to the spot.
翻译:他吓得僵住了，一动不动。

膝盖

①Feeling ashamedthe son got down on his knees before his father.
翻译:羞愧难当，儿子在父亲面前跪了下来。
② She folded her hands over her knees.
翻译:她双手交叠放在膝盖上。

脚

①The soldier struggled to his feet.
翻译:士兵挣扎着站了起来。
②She staggered to her feet.
翻译:她摇摇晃晃地站了起来。
③With each step on the road my feet and thighs hurt
翻译:在路上每走一步，我的脚和大腿都会痛。
④Mom put her feet up on the sofa and picked up a book to read.
翻译:妈妈把脚放在沙发上，拿起一本书来看。
⑤Louisa May Alcott slipped out of the house and up the street as fast as her feet could carry her.
翻译:LouisaMayAlcott溜出了房子，以脚能承受的最快速度沿街走去。
⑥For some moments, John said nothing,but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried,“Ihave a great idea!”
翻译:有一会儿，John 什么也没说，但突然，他跳起来大喊:“我有个好主意!”
⑦She dragged her feet back into the house.
翻译:她拖着脚回到屋里。

其他

①Tony seems to have ants in his pants before each game.
翻译:Tony每次比赛之前都像热锅上的蚂蚁一样坐立不安。
②Icould feel that my throat tightened and my eyes overflowed with tears.
翻译:我哽咽着，满眼泪水。
③ Holding the special bell close to her chest the child danced out.
翻译:孩子把那只特别的铃铛紧紧地抱在胸前，跳着舞出去了。
④ Sheila noddedblew her nose, and then waved them goodbye.
翻译:Sheila点点头，擤了擤鼻子，然后向他们挥手告别。
⑤He tossed and turned in bedunable to fall asleep
翻译:他在床上辗转反侧，无法入睡。
⑥ Waiting for the result anxiously, my stomach twisted.
翻译:焦急地等待着结果，我的胃搅成一团。
⑦My lips were sealed./My tongue tricked me.
翻译:我说不出话来。/我的舌头不听使唤。

Mindmap解析

动作描写语料最先出现在Clarissa Study。

动词是英语语言的主角，很多句子肯定都包含动作的描写。但是我们在描写动作的时候往往会犯一个毛病，那就是太过于单薄。那么该如何将动作构建得饱满?这就是在“动作描写”这一章节中我们要重点展开的问题。

要想把动作写得生动有画面感，主要有两种思路:构造“动作链”和“动作面”。

方法一:构造“动作链”

比如上车这个动作，很多同学不知道该如何刻画细节，会把其写得非常单一，诸如“He got into the car”这样的句子。但实际上，记叙文就像是拍电影，所有的场景都是一帧帧画面连续串接的结果。我们可以把这个简单的动作按时间拆分成一条“动作链”:
【拦车】→【上车】→【告诉司机目的地】

再比如2017年6月浙江卷读后续写中可能会写到“用肉把狼引开”的情节，其中扔肉这个简单的动作同样可以按时间拆分成:
【拿出肉】→【瞄准狼】→【扔出去】

1、“动作链”结构1:A，B and C
中文里允许出现一连串的谓语动词在一个单句中，而英语中是不允许的。因此在拆分构思完动作链后，落实到英文写作时，我们非常依赖连词“and”的使用。我们常常可以用A and B或者A，B and C这两种结构来处理。当然，也没有必要在一个句子中塞进所有的动作，2~4个动作是比较合理的。

比如上文提到的上车的动作链，我们就可以写成:
She hailed a taxi, got into it and told the driver her destination.

而扔肉的动作可以写成:
He pulled out the meat, aimed at the wolf and threw it straight to the fierce animal.

例1:看到失散多年的儿子，她将其一把抱住。
可以把“抱”这个动作按时间拆分为:冲上前，搂人怀中。再用A and B连字成句:
She dashed forward and gathered her son into her arms.

例2:发表获奖感言。
按时间拆分为:先看一眼奖杯，深吸一口气，说道:“谢谢吞吞!”。再用A，B and C 这个结构:
She glanced at the trophy,took a deep breath and said,“Thank TUNTUN!”

此外，A，B and C也不一定都表示连续的动作，有时也可以表示并列，比如下面这两个例子:
例3:We yelled at the bear, hit pots hard and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.
翻译:我们冲着这只熊大喊，猛烈地敲锅，还冲着天上开空枪。

例4:Everynight, lying awake in bed, I waited for the train to stop, waited for the sound of his work boots dropping on the step, and waited for his voice calling,“I’m home!”
翻译:每天晚上，我醒着躺在床上，等待火车到站，等待他的工作靴落在台阶上的声音，等待他说“我到家了”

2、“动作链”结构2:Having done….
动作链除了用连词来成句以外,也能用非谓语衔接动作。

比如，“征战多年后，战士回到家中，发现家人已经搬走了。”可译为:
Having fought in the war for years, the soldier returned to his home only to find his families had moved away.
这句话中的三个动作中，中间的returned 为谓语动词，前后分别用了 having done 和 to do两种非谓语形式。having done 可以表示“已经做了……”，比如这句话中，就强调这个战士在沙场上征战多年后，才回到了家乡。所以havingdone这个结构也可以用于动作链的描写。

例1:排了三个小时的队后，他被告知票卖完了。
“排队”和“被告知”两个动作构成一个动作链，除了用and 连接将句子译为“He queued for 3 hours, and was told that the tickets were sold out.”外，也可以用having done 这个结构，译为“Having queued for 3 hours, he was told that the tickets had been sold out.”

例2:哈利·波特收到光轮2000后高兴得不知所措。
“收到”和“感到高兴”两个动作构成了一个动作链，除了用and连接将句子译为“Harry Potter received the Nimbus 2000 and was so happy that he was at a loss what to do.”以外，也可以用having done 结构，译为“Having received the Nimbus 2000Harry Potter was so happy that hewas at a loss what to do.”

3、“动作链”使用范例
例1:She took a deep breath, leaned on her cane and limped to him.
翻译:她深吸一口气，倚靠着她的拐杖，一瘸一拐地走向他。

例2:We flew at him,jumped all over him, and rolled him in the snow.
翻译:我们向他飞奔过去，跳到他身上，和他在雪中滚成一片。

例3:I raised the javelin over my head, took six quick steps and let the thing go.
翻译:我把标枪高举过头顶，快步向前迈了六步，把它扔了出去。

例4:They looked over, confused for a moment, read my sign and broke into smiles.
翻译:他们看过来，疑惑了一下，读了我的标牌，突然笑了起来。

例5:Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, slipped something into his pocket, and walked off.
翻译:没过多久，一个年轻人走到长凳前，把某样东西塞进自己的口袋，然后走开了。

例6:But the wolf clamped its jaw onto Matt’s arm, set its powerful legs, and began tugging(用力拖) Matt outside.
翻译:但是这只狼用嘴死死咬住 Matt的手臂，迈动有力的双腿开始把 Matt拖了出去。

例7:He grasped the trumpet, turned sharply in the air, flew out through the hole in the window and over the roofs of Billings city.
翻译:他抓住这只小号，在空中打了个急转，从窗户的破洞中飞出，掠过比利斯城上空。

例8:He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions get the better of him.
翻译:他站了起来，抱住父母，微笑着，尽量不让情绪失控。

例9:I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy-going work surroundings.
翻译:我对于金融世界的运行有了了解，结交了新的朋友，还大体享受了近乎悠闲的工作环境。

例10:Even Mei Mei was in a good mood as she rushed around, seating guests, handing out menus, and pouring water.
翻译:就连 Mei Mei 也开心地到处跑，招呼客人落座，分发菜单，给客人倒水。

方法二:编织动作“面”

上文讲到按时间把单一动作拆分成一连串的动作链，就像电影里的补帧一样。同样向电影学习，我们还可以在同一时间点，安排多个摄像机在不同角度拍摄，然后把不同的镜头剪接在一起，构成一个饱满的动作面。

比如:Aragorn 面带杀气，振臂一挥，大喊:“放箭!”。该句分别从面部表情、肢体动作和语言的角度进行刻画，从而把整个场景编制成一个饱满的动作面。

再比如:贝贝坐在泳池边，双臂低垂，眺望远方，思考自己是白熊猫还是黑熊猫。本句中的“坐在”“低垂”“眺望”“思考”，就是分别从肢体动作、面部表情、心理活动的角度对人物进行刻画，构造动作面，让贝贝此刻深沉的形象跃然纸上。

总结一下，我们可以从整体到局部，从肢体、面部到语言心理，从多个角度去描绘一个场景，构造动作面。而构造动作面时，最常使用的语法结构就是非谓语动词，以下列举一些比较好用的句式:

①Doing…，主句，doing …
如“黄昏下站着一对恋人”这个场景，我们可以从三个角度进行描写:肢体动作上，他们站在空旷的路边；面部表情上，他们仰望着天空；心理活动上，他们感受着这份珍贵的平静。
三个主动动作同时进行，可以用“doing，谓语动词，doing”句式，即译为:
Standing beside the empty road, they looked up into the sky, feeling the precious peace from within.

练习:围在营火旁，他们吃着烧烤，享受这一令人难忘的时光。
______________________________________________________________________
答案:Gathering around the campfire, they feasted on BBQ, enjoying the unforgettable moment.

②Done…，主句，doing …
如“Lucy举手回答问题”这个场景，从心理活动、肢体动作、语言三个角度，可以拆分成：被老师的话所鼓舞，Lucy举起了手，小声说，“我来。”由于“被鼓舞”是被动动作，因此此处应该用的是“done，谓语动词，doing”句式，即译为:
Encouraged bythe teacher’s words, Lucy raised her hand, whispering,“I’ll do it.”

练习:被眼前的这一幕吓坏了，他一动不动，不知道该说什么。
_____________________________________________________________________
答案:Terrified by the scene in front of him, he was rooted to the spot, being at a loss what to say.

③主句，doing … and doing …
Gene Kelly在《雨中曲》中的一段在雨中跳舞的表演堪称经典，从心理活动、肢体动作两个角度可以拆分成:他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。其中“又唱又跳”可以用doing and doing的结构，即译为:
He was overwhelmed with joy, singing and dancing in the rain.

练习:他激动地鼓掌，一边点头，一边微笑。
___________________________________________________________________
答案:He clapped his hands with excitement, nodding and smiling.

④(With)… doing/ done…,主句，doing …
回看前文提到的关于贝贝的例子: 贝贝坐在泳池边，双臂低垂，思考自己是白熊猫还是黑熊猫。其中“坐”和“思考”两个动作的发出者都是贝贝，但是“低垂”动作的发出者并不是贝贝。因此这句话如果译为“Drooping, BeiBei sat beside the pool, wondering whether he was white or black.”则是有问题的，其中的“低垂(drooping)”这个动作并非主句的主语“贝贝”做的。
故应该在drooping前面加上动作的发出者“双臂”，即译为:
(With)his arms drooping, BeiBei sat beside the pool, wondering whether he was white or black.

又例如“一个人靠在树上”这一简单的动作可以拆分为如下的一系列动作“面”:
他【头耷拉】着，【背靠】在树上，【反思】之前发生的一切。
(With)his head drooping, he leaned on the tree, reflecting on what had happened.

⑤“动作面”使用范例
例1:They were having a wonderful timetalking, eating and joking.
翻译:他们享受着美好的时光，聊着天，吃着东西，开着玩笑。

例2:(Being)speechless and disappointed, Tim stood there not knowing what to do with it.
翻译:失望、无言，Tim 站在那里，不知道该怎么办。

例3:I ran up and down the aisles in the dark, panic filling my small chest and making it difficult to breathe.
翻译:我在黑暗的过道中跑来跑去，惊慌充斥着我的小胸膛，让我难以呼吸。

例4:She held him up to the window, stretching him out by his two arms and whispering into his nonexistent ear,“Bib-bibs,Dumpty,bib-bibs!”
翻译:她把他抱到窗边，拽着他的双臂伸出窗外，并且在他并不存在的耳边说:“小鸟，Dumpty，小鸟!”

例5:Approaching the table, in spite of her trembling hands, Mei Mei managed to curve her lips into an elegant arc, and said,“Welcome to my restaurant. Here are some cookies for you.”
翻译:走近桌子，尽管双手颤抖，Mei Mei 还是把嘴唇弯成了一道优雅的弧线，并且说:“欢迎来到我的饭店。这是给你们的饼干。”

Mindmap解析

动作描写最先出现在Clarissa Study。

日常的对话多使用简单句，并不会像书面语那么冗长复杂，如下面这段对话:
-“Hey, girl, you want to have noodles ?”
-“Oh, yes, but I have no money on me”she replied.
-“Oh, that’s nothing. I’ll treat you today,”the owner said,“come in.”
而且，在长句中插人简短的语言描写，可以改变文字的节奏，使其更有韵律感。

正确使用标点符号

(1)说话人+说话内容
“说”后用逗号，引号内第一个字母大写，句尾标点符号放在引号内。
如:He said,“You are my best friend!”

(2)说话内容+说话人
陈述句引号内用逗号，引号外第一个字母小写;疑问句或感叹句引号内用问号或感叹号，引号外第一个字母小写。且“某人说”可以写作“sb.said”也可以写作“said sb.”。
“Yes,” he said.
②“You may both go,” said Pa.
③“Don’t move,” she said to William in a soft voice.

(3)说话内容+说话人+说话内容
“某人说”可以写作“sb.said”也可以写作“said sb.”;“某人说”前面引号内用逗号，
引号外第一个字母小写。“某人说”后面如果用句号;则后面引号内第一个字母大写;“某人说”
后面如果用逗号，则后面引号内第一个字母小写。
①“That’s cool,” he said.“Can I have a try?’
②“You’d better let me go,”teased her twin brother,William.“There are dangers all over
this prairie.”
③“You can go any place you want,”Beto said,“but I think youll find what you need.”

避免重复使用say

如果续写中语言描写较多，那么一定要避免通篇都是“said”，而要灵活多变地使用表示“说”
的动词，比如以下这两个例子:
例1: I laughed,“There’s no way! I’m 55!” But he persisted, and before I knew what I had done, I was enrolled for classes in English and crafts. “This is only an experiment,” I warned him, but he just smiled.
翻译:我笑道:“没办法!我55岁了!”但他很坚持，在我还不知道自己做了什么之前，就报名参加了英语和手工艺课。“这只是一个实验，”我警告他，但他只是笑了。

例2:“What is the matter now?” asked his wife. “I just can’t remember why I come back and where I am supposed to be going on such a hot summer day” replied the professor. However, the real reason was that he forgot where he had left his children. Sensing something wrong, Mrs. Smith didn’t believe his words, because whenever he told a lie he would usually blink his eyes quickly. “Tell me the truth,” ordered his wife. “As you told me, I didn’t forget where I put the name of that town, but I forget the station where I left our children!” whispered the professor, his voice trembling. “What a bad memory!” shouted his wife.
翻译:“现在怎么了?”他的妻子问道。“我只是记不清我为什么回来，也不知道我在这么炎热的夏天应该去哪里。”教授回答道。然而，真正的原因是他忘了把孩子们留在哪里了。Smith太太觉察到有什么不对劲，她不太相信他的话，因为每当他说谎，他通常会快速地眨眼。“告诉我真相。”他的妻子命令道。“正如你告诉我的，我没有忘记我把那个城镇的名字放在哪里，但我忘了我把孩子们留在哪个车站了!”教授声音颤抖着低声说。“记性真差!” 他的妻子喊道。

以下列举一些续写中可能用到的关于“说”的表述范例:
tell 告诉，ask 问，answer 回答，add 补充，shout 喊，reply 回答，state 陈述，whisper 轻声说，exclaim 呼喊，argue 争论，interrupt 打断，repeat 重复，claim 声称，complain 报怨，explain 解释，insist 坚持，order 命令，request 请求，demand 强烈要求，suggest 建议，recommend 推荐，announce 宣布，beg 请求，mock 嘲讽，apologize 道歉，murmur 低语，blurt out 脱口而出

例1:“Christine! Take care of your young brother!” Mother shouted at the top of her voice.
翻译:“Christine!照顾好你弟弟!”母亲高声喊道。

例2:“Hannah? You know where she is? How is she? Please tell me,”he begged.
翻译:“Hannah?你知道她在哪儿吗?她怎么样?请告诉我。”他恳求道。

例3:“Did you go skating a lot last year?” I asked, blurting out the first thing that came to my mind.
翻译:“你去年经常溜冰吗?”我问，脱口说出出现在我脑海里的第一件事。

例4:One morning, when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice barely a whisper, “Good dog.”
翻译:一天早上，当她和Bella一起工作时，我听到一个很小的声音，几乎是耳语，“好样的。”

例5:“There’s a Christmas wish contest on the newspaper” Amy’s mom announced. “Write a letter to Santa, and you might win a prize.”
翻译:“报纸上有一个圣诞愿望竞赛。”Amy的妈妈宣布，“给圣诞老人写封信可能会得奖。”

例6:“I can’t get it out!”I shouted, my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
翻译:“我拿不出来!”我喊道，我的声音在封闭的空间里听起来很奇响。

例7:She managed a forced smile, murmuring “Thank you, anyway,” and turned toward the doorway.
翻译:她勉强一笑，低声说“无论如何谢谢你”，转身朝门口走去。

用对话推动情节发展

续写中还可以用对话来推动情节的发展，比如下面这个例子:
Suddenly he burst into laughter. “With that gun?” asked the professor. Strangely, he didn’t seem frightened of Carl any more. He continued,“You can’t shoot with that antique gun. You should have put it in the museum actually.” “Is this really an antique gun?” asked Carl. “How much is it worth?” “It was worth about 17,000 dollars,” said the professor. “But now you can get 10 dollars for it.” “Why?” asked Carl. The professor replied“Because you see its end is missing.”
翻译:他突然大笑起来。“用那把枪?”教授问道。奇怪的是，他似乎不再害怕 Carl 了。他接着说:“你不能用那把古董枪射击。你真该把它放在博物馆里。”“这真的是一把古董枪吗?”卡尔问，“值多少钱?“它从前大约值17,000美元，”教授说，“但是现在你可以得到10美元。”“为什么?”Carl 问。教授回答说:“因为，你看，它的末端不见了。”

但是要注意的是，在续写中不能添加过多对话，使用过多的对话,会显得篇幅累赘且很难在限定的词数里把整个后续的情节发展补充完整。

Mindmap解析

语言描写最先出现在Clarissa Study。