例句与归纳
1．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.
2．It’s important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.
3．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
4．Her tutor explained that she was supposed to read lots of information to help form a wise opinion of her own.
5．He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.
6．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
[归纳用法]
1．以上所有例句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。
2．例句1为what引导的主语从句。例句2中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面that引导的主语从句。
3．例句3为why引导的表语从句。
4．例句4为that引导的宾语从句。例句5中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。
5．例句6为that引导的同位语从句。
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。
| 连接词 | 词形 | 词义 | 在从句中所作的成分 |
| 连词 | that | × | × |
| if/whether | 是否 | × | |
| 连接代词 | who(ever) | (无论)谁(主格) | 主语、表语、宾语 |
| whom(ever) | (无论)谁(宾格) | 表语、宾语 | |
| whose(ever) | (无论)谁的(所有格) | 定语 | |
| what(ever) | (无论)什么 | 主语、宾语、表语、定语 | |
| which(ever) | (无论)哪个 | 主语、宾语、定语 | |
| 连接副词 | when(ever) | (无论)什么时候 | 状语 |
| where(ever) | (无论)在哪里 | 状语 | |
| how(ever) | (无论)怎样，怎么 | 状语 | |
| why | 为什么 | 状语 |
主语从句
主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。
What is not to our satisfaction is that the price of the meal is a little too high.
我们不满意的是饭菜的价格稍微有点高。
How the book will sell depends on its author. 这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。
Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
【注意】
1．that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可省略。
That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
2．whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句中，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句中，前面需要用it作形式主语。
Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now. 运动会是否将举行现在不能确定。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. 这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。
＝It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.
3．若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。
It is announced that our school is going to start an activity of “Crazy English” before daily morning exercises.学校通知每日早操前将开展“疯狂英语”活动。
It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality. 人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①_____________is certain that she will do well in her exam.
②_____________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
③It is reported _____________a new film will be put on in the cinema.
宾语从句
在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。
Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter. 每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。
I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman. 我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。
These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer. 这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都很多。
I’m not certain whether the train will arrive on time. 我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。
【注意】
1．that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。
She said (that) she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。
2．if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：
①在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。
②在whether…or not 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。
③在介词后，只能用whether。
④作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。
⑤宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。
3．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。
4．表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，don’t mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。
We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。
5．宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don’t think we need to waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①I hate _____________ when they talk with their mouths full of food.
②Once we were left to decide _____________to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.
③I want to be liked and loved for_____________ I am inside.
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
The question is whether we can finish the work in time. 问题在于我们是否能及时完成这项工作。
【注意】
1．that在引导表语从句时无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，不可以省略。
The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough. 事实依然是我们还是不够先进。
2．whether可引导表语从句，但if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. 他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。
3．引导表语从句的引导词还可用because，as if，as though，why。
The sky is overcast with dark clouds. It seems as if it is going to rain soon. 天空乌云密布，似乎很快就要下雨了。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The problem is _____________we can get to replace her.
②I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is _____________he never finishes anything.
③The system works well in the lab，but the question is _____________it will work in reality.
同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief，word，message，information，proof，announcement，desire，doubt，proposal，advice，possibility等。
The news that he was admitted to Peking University is exciting. 他被北京大学录取了的消息真是令人激动。
The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁应当做这份工作，这个问题需要考虑。
I have no idea that you have applied for the post. 我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。
[注意] 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
| 同位语从句 | 定语从句 | |
| 功能不同 | 对名词加以补充说明 | 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用 |
| that | 不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略 | 作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略 |
| whether/ how/what | 起连接作用，其中whether不作成分，而how和what作成分 | 不引导定语从句 |
| 其他wh类词 | 作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词无关 | 作成分；起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替先行词在从句中作成分 |
Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.
吉姆得知整个村子都处在极度危险中的消息。(that引导同位语从句，解释说明the news的内容)
Do you know the news(that/which)Jim told me?
你知道吉姆告诉我的那个消息吗？(that/which引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语)
[即学即练4] 将下列句子合并为同位语从句
①Will the sports meeting be held on time？The question will be discussed tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________________
②The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news.
_________________________________________________________________
③A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________
Mindmap解析
Exercises
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is no doubt _____________he will succeed in time.
2．We can’t solve the problem _____________we can travel faster than light.
3．Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _____________you’re afraid to do.
4．Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _____________he was most needed.
5．It is reported _____________the government is going to close the factory.
6．_____________surprises me most is that he is too vain.
7．_____________Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.
8．You may depend on it _____________I shall always help you.
9．The problem is _____________we can get in touch with her.
10．The message _____________responsibility it was is known to all.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我已经读了这个通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。
I have read the notice _______________________________________．
2．谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
_______________________________________ is still unknown.
3．你通过考试了，真棒。
It’s splendid _______________________________________．
4．她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She always thinks of _______________________________________．
5．司令员命令部队马上出发。
The commander ordered _______________________________________．
6．我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I think it necessary_______________________________________．
7．他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。
_______________________________________depends on the traffic.
8．原材料是我们所急需的。
Raw material is _______________________________________．
9．我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
The news _______________________________________ is exciting.
10．我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
I’m not sure _______________________________________．
Unit 2 名词性从句
【参考答案】
【答案】1.It 2.How 3.that
【答案】1.who/whom 2.why 3.whether
【答案】1.The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow
2.We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday
3.The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
【答案】1.that 2.how 3.what 4.where 5.that 6.What 7.That 8.that 9.whether 10.whose
Ⅱ.完成句子
【答案】
1.that our school radio station needs two English announcers
2.Who will win the match
3.that you passed your exam
4. how she can work well
5.that troops (should) set off at once
6.that we take plenty of hot water every day
7.Whether he can come to the party on time
8.what we are badly in need of
9.that we won the game
10.why she refused their invitation