定义
现在分词一般表示主动的和进行的动作。 规则动词的现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成。现在分词一般在句子中可作的成分与过去分词done一样，可作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语（作表语和状语请看下一章），但不能单独作谓语。
作定语
现在分词作定语，用来修饰名词。
（一）现在分词作定语的位置
1、单个现在分词作定语，即放在被修饰词之前，表示被修饰者的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
a puzzling problem＝a problem that puzzles somebody 一个困扰人的问题
a surprising result＝a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果
developing countries＝countries that are developing发展中国家
2、现在分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a room facing the street.＝They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father.＝The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
3、v.ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.＝The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.＝His brother, who is working as a teacher，lives in Beijing. 他的哥哥住在北京，是个老师。
（二）注意事项
1、作定语的v.ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
[误]The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
[正]The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。
2、动词ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。
[误]The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
[正]The temple(which has been)destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
作宾补
现在分词作宾补，表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。
（一）动词的宾语补足语：“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”，表主动，表进行。
（1）位于感官动词后：如catch(当场发现)，see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to,look at, notice, observe等。
*She felt anger arising in her heart.她感到心中涌起股怒气。
*He observed a stranger hanging around the store. 他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。
（2）位于使役动词后：如set, keep, have, get, leave 等。
*His question has set me thinking. 他的问题使我深思。
*She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes. 她让我等了20多分钟。
注意：现在分词doing作宾补，表示动作正在进行，动词原形do作宾补，则表示动作的全过程。试比较:
*I saw him getting out of the car. 我看见他正下车。
*I saw him get out of the car. 我看见他下车了。
Mindmap解析-现在分词doing-作定语和宾语补足语
习题-Exercises
1. No one has come up with a ____________(convince) explanation of why this kind of animal is dying out
2. Yesterday，our manager，____________ (represent) our company，made a speech at the meeting.
3．The men ____________ (work) extra hours got an extra pay.
4．The room is empty except for a bookshelf ____________ (stand) in one corner.
5．With the little girl ____________ (grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was.
6. I can’t imagine Billy ____________ (ride) a motorbike.
7. Did you hear the dog downstairs ____________ (bark) for most of the night?
8. When I came out of the theatre，I noticed a group of children ____________ (play) musical instruments across the street.
9. She sat at the desk ____________ (do) her homework.
10. We shouldn’t keep our lights ____________ (burn) in the day.
KEYS：1-5 convincing representing, working, standing, growing,
6-10 riding, barking, playing, doing, burning