倒装句是一种语法结构，用来改变正常语序的顺序，将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前或在句首，以突出强调、表达感情或产生语言美感的效果。倒装句可分为完全倒装句和部分倒装句两种。

先来感受一下倒装句的魅力。

表示强调
例如：
Only in this way can we solve the problem.（只有这样，我们才能解决问题。）
Not until then did he realize the importance of education.（直到那时，他才意识到教育的重要性。）

表示条件
例如：
Had I known it, I would not have come.（如果我知道的话，我就不会来了。）
Were he to apologize, I might forgive him.（如果他道歉的话，我可能会原谅他。）

倒装句的结构

完全倒装： 有时表地方

完全倒装句是将全部谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前或在句首的倒装结构，结构为“谓语+主语”，可以根据口诀“有时表地方”记忆完全倒装的几种用法。

“有”  
There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。如:
There stood a dog before him.
There exist different opinions on this question.

“时”
在以now、then等开头的句子里。 “Now, Then + come (或be, go, lie, run) + 主语" 结构。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
Now comes your turn.

“表” 
有时候为了强调表语，把表语置于句首，倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”
形容词+系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
过去分词+系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
介词短语+be+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

“地”
当表示地点的副词和介词词组(如here, there, on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。
Here comes the old lady!
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.
East of the lake lie two towns.
Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
On the desk lay a book.
Under the tree sat a boy.

 “方”
表示方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首,要用全部倒装。
  In came Mr. White.
　Up went the arrow into the air.
　Away went the boy.
注意：在完全倒装中，如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:
 Here you are.
 There she comes.

另：当直接引语放在句首时，要用完全倒装。例如：   
“You must be joking!”, shouted my wife.    
“No way”, said my boss coldly.  
“He is the last man I want to see”, answered the boy.

部分倒装：八部

部分倒装句是将谓语动词中的助动词或情态动词放在主语之前或在句首的倒装结构，结构为“Be/情态动词/助动词+主语+其他部分”。

1. “不”句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。（重点考察，一定要掌握）

这类词或短语主要有：

① never, not, no, little, few, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no longer等

Not a word did I say to him.

Never have I found him so happy.

Little does he care about what I said.

Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

② in no way, at no time,  in no case, by no means, on no condition(决不), under/in no circumstances(在任何情况下都不)等

In no way should you give up.

③ “Not only + 分句, but also + 分句”句型中（前倒后不倒）。

如：Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.

但not only…but also…连接主语时,不倒装。如：Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

④ Not until＋状语/状语从句。此结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted．

Not until yesterday did I realize how important time is.

⑤ No sooner…than…，Hardly／Scarcely…when… 一…就….

No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．

⑥ Neither + 分句, nor + 分句（前后都倒）

Neither will he go to the party, nor does he want to go.

————^.^————–

2. “只” only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:

Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)

Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)

only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装  Only he can answer the question. 

————^.^————–

 3. “让步”  as/though引导的让步状语从句 

此句型主谓并不倒装，只需把表语as提到前面，且作表语的单数可数名词提到句首时，不带冠词;

没有表语倒装副词，没有副词倒装谓语动词。

(1) 表语的倒装

Exhausted as/ though she was, she wasn’t able to sleep.(读后续写高级句型，背！)

Strange as/ though it seems, it is true.

Child as he is, he knows much about the world.

(2) 状语的倒装

Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it.

Carefully as he did his homework, he still made many mistakes.

(3) 谓语动词的倒装

Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.

Fail as he did, he didn’t give up.

————^.^————–

4. “也” 用于 so， neither ， nor 开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致。(主语可以是代词) 

 So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语：“…也是”，此句型也可写成 it is the same with…或者so it is with …

注意：若不倒装，So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词，表示的意思是“确实如此”。

So did she.（她也是。）；Neither do I.（我也不。）；Nor have I.（我也没有。）

He has been to Canada. 

So have I. 我也是。

So he has. 他确实去了。（注意区分）

—I was a teacher but I want to be a doctor now.    —So it is with my friend. 

  —You have forgot to close the door.   —So I did.

————^.^————–

5. “常”在以often, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:

Many a time has John given me good advice.

Often have we made that test.

————^.^————–

6. “需”在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。

       Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

       Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

       Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

————^.^————–

7. “如此” So+adj/adv…..that….“如此„„以至于„„”so后面句子要倒装，that后面句子不倒装 

So excited was he that he leapt from the bed.

————^.^————–

8. “祝福”用于某些表示祝愿的句子里

May you succeed!

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

注意事项

部分倒装句中，动词要根据主语的人称和数来确定，如“do, does, did”等助动词和情态动词“can, may, must, will”等。如果主语为第三人称单数，助动词要加“-s”或“-es”，例如“does, is, has”等。
例如：
Only when he is here can I feel safe.（只有他在这里，我才感到安全。）
Seldom do I go to bed before midnight.（我很少在午夜之前睡觉。）

在倒装句中，不一定要使用助动词或情态动词，有些动词也可以进行倒装。
例如：
Up and down went the roller coaster.（过山车上下颠簸。）
Over the hills and far away ran the sheep.（绵羊跑过山丘，走远了。）

倒装句并不是所有情况下都需要使用。在正常语序中，主语通常放在句子的主语位置，谓语动词放在主语后面，这是最常见的语序。只有在强调、反问、条件等情况下，才需要使用倒装句。

习题-Exercises

1.  Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.

A. did he begin          B had he begun        C he began              D he had begun

2．We laugh at jokes，but seldom            about how they work．

 A．we think            B．think we           C．we do think           D．do we think

3. —Is everyone here?  

—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!

A. come                B. comes               C. is coming             D. are coming

4. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing           B. Chongqing lies           C. does lie Chongqing      D. does Chongqing lie

5. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only         , but students became more interested in the lessons.

A. saved was teachers’ energy                               B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teachers’ energy was saved                                D. was saved teachers’ energy

6. So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.  

A. did the attack      B. the attack did        C. was the attack          D. the attack was  

7. Little          about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. 

A. did Rose care        B. Rose did care        C. Rose does care         D. does Rose care

8. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed. 

A. Mum did go         B. did Mum go         C. went Mum             D. Mum went 

9. So much of interest _____________that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all．

　A．offers Beijing       B．Beijing offers       C．does Beijing offer      D．Beijing does offer

10. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____________．

　A．I was neither        B．neither was I        C．I was either          D．either was I

11. ______ you eat the correct foods ______  be able to keep fit and stay healthy.

　A. only if; will you      B. Only if; you will      C. Unless; will you        D. Unless; you will

12. Seldom____________ video games ever since they entered college.

　A. they have played      B. they played          C. have they played        D. they have played

13. It was announced that only when the fire was under control          to return to their homes.

　A. the residents would be permitted               B. had the residents been permitted

　C. would the residents be permitted               D. the residents had been permitted

14. Only when I left my parents for Italy _____________how much I loved them．　　

A．I realized        B．I had realized         C．had I realized          D．did I realize

15. Not until the motorbike looked almost new        repairing and cleaning it. 　　

A. he stopped         B. did he stop              C. stopped he             D. he did stop

Keys:1-5 ADAAB   6-10 CABCB  11-15 ACCDB

倒装句最先出现在Clarissa Study。