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	<title>主谓宾归档 - Clarissa Study</title>
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		<title>句子成分和基本句型</title>
		<link>https://claristudy.com/p/622/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Clarissa]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2023 12:57:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[语法 Grammar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[高中 Senior high]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[主谓宾]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[句子成分]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[基本句型]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 1） [&#8230;]</p>
<p><a href="https://claristudy.com/p/622/">句子成分和基本句型</a>最先出现在<a href="https://claristudy.com">Clarissa Study</a>。</p>
]]></description>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>句子成分</strong></h2>



<p>构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。</p>



<p><strong>1）主语（subject)</strong></p>



<p>一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在<strong>句首</strong>。比如：&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>



<p>1.&nbsp;The room&nbsp;is very clean.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;（名词）</p>



<p>2.&nbsp;We&nbsp;often speak English.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;（代词）</p>



<p>3.&nbsp;To teach them<em> English</em>&nbsp;is my job.（动词不定式）</p>



<p>4.&nbsp;Swimming&nbsp;is good for our health.&nbsp;&nbsp;(动名词）</p>



<p>5.&nbsp;What we <em>need</em>&nbsp;is food.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;（从句）</p>



<p>6.&nbsp;The poor&nbsp;are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容词)</p>



<p><strong>2）谓语(predicate)</strong></p>



<p>谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么样”。谓语必须是<strong>动词，体现时态和语态，一般放在主语之后</strong>。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语：</p>



<p>1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。</p>



<p>如：   He practices running every morning.</p>



<p>2、复合谓语：</p>



<p>a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。&nbsp;</p>



<p>如：He&nbsp;can speak&nbsp;English.</p>



<p>b.&nbsp;助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。</p>



<p>He&nbsp;doesn&#8217;t like&nbsp;speaking Chinese.</p>



<p>I&nbsp;have seen&nbsp;the film before.</p>



<p>He&nbsp;didn&#8217;t finish&nbsp;his homework last night.</p>



<p>3) 表语(predicative)</p>



<p>表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于<strong>系动词之后</strong>，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。</p>



<p><strong><u>常见的系动词：</u></strong><strong><u></u></strong></p>



<p>1.&nbsp;表状态：be</p>



<p>2. 表感官：look, sound, smell, taste, feel</p>



<p>3. 表变化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come</p>



<p>4. 表持续,保持：keep, remain, stay, hold, rest</p>



<p>5. 表似乎,像：seem，appear</p>



<p>例子：划线部分均为表语：</p>



<p>1. I am a teacher.    （名词）                                   </p>



<p>2. I am ten.    （数词）</p>



<p>3. He became rich and successful.  （形容词）          </p>



<p>4. They are at home now.  （ 介词短语）</p>



<p><strong> 4）宾语（object）</strong></p>



<p>宾语：表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。</p>



<p>宾语的种类：<strong>动宾：动词</strong><strong>+</strong><strong>宾语</strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong>介宾：介词</strong><strong>+</strong><strong>宾语</strong></p>



<p>1. He is playing&nbsp;the piano.（名词）</p>



<p>2. He often helps&nbsp;me.（代词）</p>



<p>3. He likes&nbsp;to watch TV.&nbsp; (动词不定式）</p>



<p>4. He likes&nbsp;watching TV.&nbsp; （动词ing)</p>



<p><strong>5）宾语补足语(object complement)</strong></p>



<p>英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。</p>



<p>1. We called him Dongming.（名词）</p>



<p>2. We saw him playing soccer. （现在分词）</p>



<p>3. We saw him play soccer. (省to不定式)</p>



<p>4. We found math difficult.（形容词）</p>



<p><strong>6) 双宾语：IO +DO</strong></p>



<p>直接宾语：在动词后所跟的双宾语中，表示<strong>物</strong>的叫做直接宾语direct object（简称“直宾”），表示<strong>人</strong>的叫做间接宾语(indirect object)。</p>



<p>1.He read&nbsp;us the text.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;→ He read the text to us.</p>



<p>2.My sister wrote&nbsp;me a letter.&nbsp;&nbsp; → My sister wrote a letter to me.</p>



<p>3.Henry teaches&nbsp;us English.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; → Henry teaches English to us.</p>



<p>4.My mother bought&nbsp;me a watch.&nbsp;→ My mother bought a watch for me.</p>



<p>5.Her mother made&nbsp;her a cake.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; → Her mother made a cake for her.</p>



<p><strong>7）定语(attributive)</strong></p>



<p>　　定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。</p>



<p>◆These are&nbsp;<strong>apple</strong>&nbsp;trees.&nbsp; 这些是苹果树。(名词)</p>



<p>◆The men <strong>here</strong> are always busy working on the farm. 这里的男人总是忙于在田间干活。(副词)</p>



<p>◆There is nothing&nbsp;<strong>to do</strong>&nbsp;today.&nbsp; 今天没有事要做。(不定式)</p>



<p>◆The <strong>smiling</strong> boy needs a pen <strong>bought by his mother</strong>. 那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。(现在分词、过去分词短语)</p>



<p><strong>8) 状语(adverbial)</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的，比较等,可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词, 介词短语, 从句等。</p>



<p>1. Tom runs&nbsp;quickly.</p>



<p>2. I get up at six&nbsp;every day.</p>



<p>3. I play soccer&nbsp;very well.</p>



<p>4.&nbsp;In the classroom,&nbsp;the boy needs a pen.</p>



<p>5.&nbsp;Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.</p>



<p>6. The boy needs a pen&nbsp;to do his homework.</p>



<p><strong>9) 同位语(appositive)</strong></p>



<p>若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。</p>



<p>◆We&nbsp;<strong>students</strong>&nbsp;should study hard.&nbsp; 我们学生应该努力学习。</p>



<p>◆Professor Wang,&nbsp;<strong>a famous scientist,&nbsp;</strong>will give us a talk tomorrow.王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们做报告。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>简单句的基本句型结构</strong></h2>



<p><strong>简单句：</strong>英语中简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。</p>



<p>英文的基本句型有五种，它们是：</p>



<p><strong>1. 主 + 系 + 表 (SVP)</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：appear（相似、显得）,become , come（变得） , feel（摸起来） , fall（变得） , &nbsp;get（变得） , grow（变得） , hold（保持） , keep ,look,remain（仍然是） , seem&nbsp; , stand（保持） , stay（保持） , smell , sound , turn（变成） , taste等。</p>



<p>Everything&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;looks&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;different.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一切看来都不同了。</p>



<p>主语　　&nbsp; &nbsp;系动词 　表语&nbsp;</p>



<p>Computers&nbsp;are　useful&nbsp;[in people’s life]．&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;电脑在人们的生活中很有用。</p>



<p>　主语　 系动词　表语　　　状语</p>



<p><strong>2. 主 + 谓（SV）</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 这种句型中的谓语动词是<strong>不及物动词</strong>，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。例如:</p>



<p>The sun&nbsp;&nbsp;is rising．&nbsp; 太阳正在升起。</p>



<p>主语　&nbsp; 谓语</p>



<p>The little boy&nbsp;&nbsp;is crying．&nbsp;&nbsp;小男孩正在哭泣。</p>



<p>　 主语　　　谓语</p>



<p><strong>3. 主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO）</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 这一句型中的谓语动词是<strong>及物动词</strong>，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，<strong>当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语</strong>（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去。），否则会视为&#8221;句子不完整&#8221;。</p>



<p>He&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;is watching&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;TV．&nbsp;&nbsp;他正在看电视。</p>



<p>主语　&nbsp; 谓语　&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宾语</p>



<p><strong>4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SVOO）</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：&#8221;间接宾语&#8221;多由代词或名词充当；&#8221;直接宾语&#8221;，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有&#8221;给某人某物&#8221;、&#8221;送某人某物&#8221;、&#8221;留给某人某物&#8221;等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有：buy, bring, get(给某人弄到……), give, hand, lend, leave(留给某人…… ), pay, pass(递给某人……), read, rent(租赁某人……), recommend(将某人推荐给……) , send, show, tell , take(给某人拿……), teach , write等。例如：</p>



<p>这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。</p>



<p>He　　　　bought　　　　me　&nbsp; 　a birthday present．他给我买了一份生日礼物。</p>



<p>主语　 谓语(及物动词)　间接宾语　　直接宾语</p>



<p>　I　　 &nbsp;&nbsp;showed　　　　him　 　my pictures．我给他看我的照片。</p>



<p>主语 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;谓语(及物动词)&nbsp; 间接宾语　 直接宾语</p>



<p><strong><u>常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词</u></strong><strong><u></u></strong></p>



<p><strong>(1) give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。</strong></p>



<p>◆Please hand&nbsp;<strong>him</strong>&nbsp;a book!&nbsp;&nbsp; ＝Please hand a book&nbsp;<strong>to him!&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>&nbsp; 请递给他一本书。</p>



<p><strong> (2) buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语来表示。</strong></p>



<p>◆Her father bought&nbsp;<strong>her</strong>&nbsp;a bike．＝Her father bought a bike&nbsp;<strong>for her</strong>．&nbsp;她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。</p>



<p><strong>5. 主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补（SVOOC）</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语&#8221;做什么&#8221;、&#8221;怎么样&#8221;等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：</p>



<p>ask(请求，要求) , allow(容许) ,appoint(任命) , believe , call(称) , &nbsp;cause(使得) , catch(发现) , consider(认为) , elect(选举) , expect(预期) , feel(感觉到) , find , get(使得) , have(使，让) , hear , imagine(想象) , keep , let , listen to , look at ,make(使) , notice(注意到) , see , smell, watch(注视，看) , tell等等。</p>



<p>这种句型中的“宾语＋宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。 迈克告诉我不要现在走。</p>



<p>Mike　　told　　&nbsp;&nbsp;me　 〈not to go now〉．&nbsp;</p>



<p>主语 谓语(及物动词)&nbsp; 宾语　　宾语补足语</p>



<p>They　　painted　　the door　〈green〉．&nbsp;他们把门漆成绿色。</p>



<p>主语　 　 谓语　　 宾语　     宾语补足语</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Mindmap解析</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="597" src="https://claristudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/img_4164-1024x597.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-623" srcset="https://claristudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/img_4164-1024x597.jpg 1024w, https://claristudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/img_4164-300x175.jpg 300w, https://claristudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/img_4164-768x447.jpg 768w, https://claristudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/img_4164-1536x895.jpg 1536w, https://claristudy.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/img_4164.jpg 1605w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>注意三种句型</strong></h2>



<p><strong>1. there be句型</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;There be 句型是英语中常用句型， 意思是&#8221;有&#8221;，表示&#8221;人或事物的存在&#8221;或&#8221;某地有某物&#8221;。There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即就近原则”，如：</p>



<p>There is a lamp on the table.</p>



<p>There are some apples in the bowl.</p>



<p>There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.</p>



<p>There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.</p>



<p><strong>2. 主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋Ad)</strong></p>



<p>They　　 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;talked　　 [for half an hour]．&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;他们谈了半个小时。</p>



<p>主语　 　 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;谓语　　　　　状语</p>



<p>The time　　　passed　　[quickly]. 时光飞逝。</p>



<p>　主语　谓语(不及物动词)　状语</p>



<p><strong>3. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋Ad)</strong></p>



<p>　I　had　　my first maths class　[in senior high]．&nbsp;&nbsp;在高中我上了第一堂数学课。</p>



<p>主语　谓语　　　　宾语　　　　　　状语</p>



<p>　I　　waited&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;him　[at the school gate]．&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;我在校门口等他。</p>



<p>主语　　谓语　&nbsp; 宾语　　　状语</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Exercises</h2>



<p><strong>一．辨别下面句子的类型</strong></p>



<p>1. I arrived at six last night.</p>



<p>2. The grass turned green in spring.</p>



<p>3. Please tell me a story before I go to bed.</p>



<p>4. I bought a good English-Chinese Dictionary yesterday.</p>



<p>5. I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.</p>



<p>6. Tom is an American boy.</p>



<p>7. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.</p>



<p>8. I dreamed a terrible dream last night.</p>



<p>9. The old man works in a hospital.</p>



<p>10. I&#8217;ll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.</p>



<p><strong>二．根据要求转换句子</strong></p>



<p>1. The old man is telling stories ___________ the children in the Long March. (加介词)</p>



<p>2. Please show your picture  ___________ me. (加介词)</p>



<p>3. My mother will buy a good watch ___________ you. (加介词)</p>



<p>4. I am making a new dress ___________ my sister. (加介词)</p>



<p>5. My sister likes meat very much. (变为否定句)</p>



<p>6. There are some bananas on the table. (变为一般疑问句)</p>



<p>7. There is a bottle and a glass under the chair. (变为否定句)</p>



<p>8. She can speak a little Chinese now. (就划线部分提问)</p>



<p>KEYS:</p>



<p>一.&nbsp;1.&nbsp;S V Ad (主+谓+状语)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2. S V P (主+系+表)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3. S V IO DO (主+谓+ 间宾 +直宾)</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4. S V O (主+谓+宾)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5. S V O OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6. S V P (主+系+表)</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7. There be（存在句结构）&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8. S V O Ad (主+谓+宾+状语)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 9. S V Ad (主+谓+状语)</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;10. S V IO DO (主+谓+ 间宾 +直宾)</p>



<p>二. 1. to&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. to&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 3. for&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 4. for &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5. My sister doesn’t like meat very much&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 6. Are there any bananas on the table？&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7. There isn’t a bottle and a glass under the chair.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8. What can she speak now？</p>
<p><a class="a2a_button_wechat" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/wechat?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fclaristudy.com%2Fp%2F622%2F&amp;linkname=%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A5%E5%9E%8B" title="WeChat" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fclaristudy.com%2Fp%2F622%2F&amp;linkname=%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A5%E5%9E%8B" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></p><p><a href="https://claristudy.com/p/622/">句子成分和基本句型</a>最先出现在<a href="https://claristudy.com">Clarissa Study</a>。</p>
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