读后续写可以充分地发挥学生的想象力，提供极大的创作空间。但是，续写作为一种考试题型，也自然需要设置考点。续写的“题干”就是所给短文，续写的“设问”就是段首句提示语。脱离问题本身作答，哪怕文采奕奕也是文不对题，可以说，读后续写就是“戴着镣铐的舞蹈”。读后续写，先要“读”，才能“写”。那么我们在读的时候到底应该关注哪些要点，才能避免偏离整体情节走向呢？

“矛盾(负)”决定了故事的起点

小时候看《西游记》，年幼的吞吞就一直想不通一个问题:既然孙悟空一个筋斗十万八千里，那为何不直接让他去西天把经书取回来呢?后来吞吞才明白，故事的起点本就是矛盾冲突。有了矛盾，人们才需要去克服艰难险阻，对抗天灾人祸;有了冲突，人世间才会有悲欢离合，国恨家仇。没有矛盾，就没有精彩的故事可说。读后续写本质上是一种“故事续写”，也必然有矛盾。在新课程标准的框架下，这些矛盾又可以归于人与自然、人与社会和人与自我三大类的矛盾。找到这个矛盾，就找到了故事的起点。

“转折(转)”决定了高潮的展开

故事的转折是为了解决之前的矛盾，是之前积累的矛盾、冲突、负面情绪的集中释放。续写中转折有可能是题目已经写明或者给出了线索和方向，也有可能需要学生进行合理的想象，完整构建矛盾解决的过程。这个转折决定了故事高潮的展开。当然转折后也有可能矛盾暂未解决，抑或出现了新的矛盾。

“结局(正)”决定了故事的终点

“正能量”的结局

高考作为选拔性考试，当然也会包含对价值观的考查。因此续写文章的主题应该是积极的，结局也应该是积极的。虽然不能说悲剧的结尾就一定消极，但是在处理的难度上，“happy ending”要比“bad ending”更易于传播正能量，弘扬真善美。正向的结局决定了故事的终点。

“正能量”不等于“皆大欢喜”

例1 “监守自盗”【2021·江苏省南通市高二上学期期中】
文章讲述了银行职员Jack，因妻子出车祸急需手术费，而利用职权之便盗窃工作银行的故事。文章写到他成功抢走一大袋钱之后，出现了续写的两个段首句:

Paragraph 1:After Jack had been gone from the bank for a whilethe alarms began to ring.
翻译:Jack离开银行一段时间后，警报响了起来。
Paragraph 2:But the most unlucky man was the manager of the bank, an old man.
翻译:但最倒霉的是银行经理，一位老人。

不难发现，所给文章和两个段首句，其实都没有提示“Jack会落网”。但是我们需要一个正能量的结局，所以Jack不能逍遥法外。虽然设计结局让Jack自首或者被捕，对于Jack和他的妻子来说，一定不是好事，因此，正能量的结局不等同于皆大欢喜!

例2“舞蹈比赛”【2020·江苏省涟水中学高二下学期段测】
文章主人公Mary，之前因出车祸而受伤，她特别想要通过一场比赛重新证明自己。Linda是她的竞争对手，但是临近比赛，Linda把配乐磁带弄丢了，随后出现了续写的两个段首句:

Paragraph 1:Suddenly,Mary caught sight ofa black box under the chair where Linda put her bag.
翻译:突然，Mary看见Linda放包的椅子下面有一个黑盒子。
Paragraph 2: Hearing her name calledMary walked on the stage with her heart beating faster and faster.
翻译:听到有人叫她的名字，Mary走上舞台，心跳得越来越快。

本文其实涉及两处矛盾需要解决:①磁带:根据正能量结局的要求，Mary应该把磁带交还给Linda，而不是私藏或者扔掉。②比赛:因为“交还磁带”已经突出了“诚信”的正能量主题，所以Mary是可以输掉比赛的。与例1一样，结局虽然没有皆大欢喜，但是却是满足正能量结局要求的。

“结局”不等于“结尾”

除了正能量不等于皆大欢喜外，我们还要注意:故事的结局不等同于文章的结尾。故事的结局是“矛盾被解决了”，但文章结尾往往需要我们回扣主题，进行升华等以更进一步地点题。

例“家中遇蛇”【2020·山东省威海市一模】
文章讲述了Roman待在家里非常无聊，有一天在沙发下抓出一条蛇，他以为是假的就扔向了弟弟，过后才意识到是一条真蛇!随后出现了续写的两个段首句:
Paragraph 1: As Roman was farther from the snake,he jumped to the window and grabbed the curtain
翻译:Roman离蛇更远，他跳到窗前抓住窗帘。
Paragraph 2:After the rescue team caught and took the snake away, everyone went inside the home.
翻译:救援队抓住蛇并将其带走后，所有人都回到了屋里。

根据两个段首句给出的线索可知这是一个“家中遇险，最终得救”的故事。但是所给文章开头大肆渲染了Roman的“百无聊赖”:
“Usual boring day!”This would be the answer from Roman if somebody asked him how his day was. These days he found everything boring, nothing excited him.
因此，在危机解除后，我们应该回扣“无聊”这个点，对主题进行升华，比如:At home, safety comes first not excitement.

用“负一转一正”标记故事轮廓

本部分以高考真题为例,粗线条地梳理一下“负一转一正”的故事线,宏观地把握故事的走向。下文将用“【负】”标记“矛盾”或者说“负面情节”的截止位置，用“【转”和“转】”标记“转折”的起止，用“【正”和“正】”标记“正向结局”的起止，梳理概括大体的情节梗概，并推测正能量的结局。

“负一转一正”

例题：“荒野求生”【2016浙江卷】

One weekend in July, Jane and her husbandTom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest.Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom,“I’m going to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away.
With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time After she had climbed to a high place, she turned aroundhoping to see the lake.To her surprise,she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond,a snowcapped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost.
“Tom!” she cried.“Help!”
No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom.Jane kept moving,but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. As night was beginning to fallJane was so tired that she had to stop for the night.Lying awake in the dark,Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.
Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty She could hear watertrickling(滴落) somewhere at a distance, Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.
As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above.A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse,thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.

Paragraph 1: But no more helicopter came and it wag getting dark again.负】___________________________
【转___________________________________________________________________________________________________转】________________________________________________________________________________________________________【正
Paragraph 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________正】

前情提要	Jane和丈夫出去玩，但是路上吵架了，Jane独自离开。
负-	转	正+
Jane迷失在丛林里	…….	Jane 醒来了/获救了

本题故事的转折也可以发生在第二段，则故事轮廓为:

Paragraph 1: But no more helicopter came and it wag getting dark again._________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. ______________________________________________________负】
【转______________________________________________________________________________________________________转】
【正_____________________________________________________________________________________________________正】

负-	转	正+
Jane迷失在丛林里	Jane 醒来了	Jane 获救了

在以上两种情况中，不管转折是发生在第一段还是第二段，最后的结局根据“负一转一正”的脉络，都应该是Jane获救。两种情况不同的是，转折节点的设置会影响到各个板块的篇幅和内容。
如果转折发生在第一段，那么Jane在第一段就应该获救，而第二段“Jane醒来”之后，应该都是获救之后的情节;如果转折发生在第二段，那么第一段就应该描写她“荒野求生”的细节，而第二段，则要安排她获救的情节。
这两种设计从逻辑上讲，没有孰优孰劣。但是，由于整个所给短文的设定几乎都是在丛林中，所以“获救后”的情节和描写很容易跳脱出前文的设定。从这个角度讲，把转折设计在第二段是更优的处理方式。

“负一转—负一转一正”

例1“Poppy的新伙伴”【2020·浙江卷】
“I’m going to miss you so much,Poppy,”said the tall,thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.He stood up,hugged his parents, and smiledtrying not to let his emotions(情绪) get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control.They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying.It was time to say goodbye for now at leastThe family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.“I guess this is it,” he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month,okay?”His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.The boy’s mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there.All that week, Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner her favorite toy,or even in her daily walk Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn’t.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats.They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self.Her owners started to get worried.“What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad.“We’ve tried everything.”负】
【转“I havean idea, but it might be a little crazy,”smiled Mom.“Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun.Let’s get a little dog for Poppy.
It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usualbut when she saw the box,she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging(摆动)ever so slowly then faster as she caught the smell.

Paragraph 1: Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.______________________________– 转】
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________【正
Paragraph 2:A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________正】

前情提要：一家三口养了一只小狗Poppy。儿子离开家去上大学了。
负-：Poppy因为小主人不在，茶饭不思
转↑：父亲将另一只小狗带回家陪伴它
正+：Poppy开心了起来，儿子回到家，全家都很开心

同上文例1一样，本题也可以设置双转折。如果“另一只小狗”的出现能够解决“Poppy茶饭不思”的矛盾，那么后面直到结局就都是正向的。如果“另一只小狗”的出现不能解决“Poppy茶饭不思”的矛盾，那么就需要在“男孩回到家”后再设置一个转折，最终引向正能量的结局。
负-：Poppy因为小主人不在，茶饭不思
转↑↓：父亲将另一只小狗带回家陪伴它
负-：Poppy还是不开心
转↑：男孩回到家
正+：Poppy开心了起来

双线线索

除上述介绍的几种故事轮廓，少数读后续写题所给短文的情节和需要续写的情节可能是割裂的。

例1“职业选择”【2020·浙江省嘉兴一中高二段测】
所给短文部分情节:高中毕业之后，“我”在上大学之前，需要确定职业方向。“我”在医学和商科之间纠结。分别体验过两种工作后，“我”更倾向于商科。
不难发现所给短文部分一直在叙述“择业”的事情。

In 1989,fresh out of high school,I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan,there were limited options: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn’t interested in engineering, so that I was left with medicine or business.I couldn’t decide.
I began thinking about my two experiences.The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stress.The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult.It seemed that the business option was going to win out.

而两个段首提示句讲述的却是:一个男孩从车上掉下来……我去医院看望这个男孩……
Paragraph 1: Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus.
Paragraph 2:The next day,when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces.

故所给短文与需要续写的部分情节上是割裂的。碰到这种情况，我们需要“把两条线合二为一”，也就是需要寻找两条线的交集。而“选医学还是选商科”与“男孩受伤，去医院探病”之间，唯一的联系就是“医学、医院、救死扶伤”，也就意味着:“我”最终应该会选择医学!因此情节设计时在叙述完“男孩受伤”的故事线之后，应该回到“职业选择”的故事线，最终引出“我选择了学医”的结局。

Mindmap解析