定义
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加 – ed 构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语（作定语和宾补请看上一章）、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
作表语
过去分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成系表结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或状态。
其前的系动词可以是表状态的：be，keep, stay, remain等；表示“变成”的：become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的： look, sound, feel等。
1、表“情感类”的过去分词done作表语，已具有形容词词性，表示“人感到……”。注意：这类词的现在分词doing表示“令人……”。
Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You looked frightened. 你看起来很害怕。
He became interested in two theories.他对两种理论产生了兴趣。
The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
2、有些过去分词作表语，含“被动”之意，但强调主语所处的状态。
注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，强调主语是动作的承受者。
This shop is now closed．商店关门了。
The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。
Mary is dressed in red. 玛丽穿着红色的衣服。
The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。（强调状态）
The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。（强调动作）
作状语
分词可作时间，条件，原因，让步，结果，方式，伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时，用来修饰一个句子，分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语保持一致。过去分词作状语时，和该句子的主语构成被动关系。
1、作时间状语
Opened in 1955(= When Disneyland was opened in 1955), Disneyland in California is regarded as the original fun park. 在1955年被开放，加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园被认为是非常有趣的原始的游乐场。
2、作条件状语
Given more time (=If we are given more time), we will do it better. 如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。
3、作原因状语
Bitten twice by our dog(=Because the postman had been bitten twice by our dog), the postman refused to deliver our letters. 由于被我家的狗咬过两次,那个邮递员拒绝给我们送信。
4、作让步状语
Told many times(= Although he was told many times), he still couldn’t understand it. 虽然被告诉了好几遍，但她仍然不理解。
5、作方式或伴随状语
The teacher came in, followed (= and was followed) by his students. 老师进来了，后面跟着他的学生。
注意事项
注意一：和现在分词作状语的区别
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语构成被动关系。
Seeing his mother, the baby stopped crying.一看见妈妈，婴儿停止哭泣。(句子的主语the baby 和see 构成主动关系)
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. 从山顶看，城市更美丽。(句子的主语the city 和see构成被动关系)
注意二：“连词+doing/ done”句型
有些分词作状语，可在分词前加连词when，while，whenever，if, though/ although, once, until/ till, unless, as, even if/ though, as if/ though等。即：
①连词+doing（表主动，进行）
②连词+done（表被动，完成）
While waiting for a bus(=while he was waiting for a bus), he met an old friend. 他在等车时，遇到了一位老朋友。
He will not attend the party unless invited (=unless he is invited).除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。
All is going well as planned/scheduled. (=as it is planned/scheduled). 一切都按原计划进展顺利。
转化成形容词的分词
1、一些表示情感类的现在分词doing（令人……），过去分词done（人感到……）
此类常见词汇：amaze（惊奇）, amuse（高兴、开心）, astonish（惊异、吃惊）, annoy（厌烦）, bore（烦恼）, confuse（迷惑）, depress（抑郁）, disappoint（失望）, delight（快乐）, encourage（鼓舞）, embarrass（尴尬、难为情）, excite（激动）, frighten（害怕）,interest（感兴趣）, impress（印象深刻）, move（感动）, please（高兴）,puzzle（迷惑）,relax（放松）, satisfy（满意）, surprise（惊讶）, shock（震惊）,tire（疲劳、厌烦）, terrify（可怕）, touch（打动）, thrill（兴奋）, worry（担心） 等。
（注意：修饰人的声音，表情等，用-ed形式：his excited voice/look/expression他兴奋的声音/表情）
It was a tiring day. It made me tired.真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。
The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 这个讲解是令人费解的，我被弄糊涂了。
Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.虽然看到我们感到很吃惊，教授热烈欢迎我们。
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。
2、“系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性，可直接作状语，定语，表语，补足语等。
此类常见词汇：addicted（上瘾的）， absorbed（专心于……的），accustomed（习惯的），born（出生的） , based on（以……为基础）， broken（破碎的）， connected（有关连的）, dressed（穿着），devoted（忠实的；献身于……的）, determined（决心的）， exposed（暴露的），equipped/furnished（装备好的），faced with（面对） ， hidden（藏着的）， injured（受伤）， lost（陷入、丢失、迷路的）， located（坐落于……的，位于……的）, occupied（已占用的、忙于…的），prepared for（准备的），related to （有关系的） ， seated（坐着的）， worn out（用旧的，精疲力尽的）等。
Dressed in red, Mary looks more beautiful.（作状语）
The girl dressed in red is Mary.（作定语）
Mary is dressed in red. （作表语）
I found Mary dressed in red . （作宾补）
Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。（作表语）
Seated/ Sitting at the back of the classroom, he couldn’t see the words on the blackboard clearly. 由于坐在教室后面，他看不清黑板上的字。（作状语）
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated/sitting in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生女孩坐在角落里。（作宾补）
Faced with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice. 面对困难的局势，他决定征求老板的建议。（作状语）
Mindmap解析-过去分词done-作表语和状语
习题-Exercises
Fill in the blank with the right form of the words provided.
1. __________（paint） in dark colours, the room needed some bright lights.
2. ___________（unemploy）, Dave had time to consider what job he really wanted.
3. ___________（move） by his romantic words, the girl accepted his gift.
4. __________（correct） by his teacher from time to time, he lost interest in singing.
5. _________（record） in a new way, the album was expected to be popular with techno fans.
6. __________（invite） to perform on the stage, he felt nervous and excited.
7.The_________look on her face suggested that she was ________ by the ________ scene.（frighten）
8.The news was________ and they were all ________ at it.（excite）
9. We all felt __________ at the __________news. （encourage）
10.The audience were all ________ to tears by the ________film.（move）
11.Children, when ________（accompany） by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
12.While waiting for the opportunity to get _________（promote）,Henry did his best to perform his duty.
13.Why do you always look ________（tire）?
14.I was ________（disappoint） at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.
15.Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, ________（absorb） in his video games.
16._______（lose） in thought, he didn’t hear the bell.
17. Highly _______（interest） in music, Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
18._______（please） with his music and songs, they finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.
19.Though _______（affect） by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.
20.______（absorb） in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.
KEYS：
1. Painted 2.Unemployed 3.Moved 4.Corrected 5.Recorded
6.Invited 7. frightened ;frightened; frightening 8. exciting; excited 9.encouraged ; encouraging 10.moved; moving
11.accompanied 12.promoted 13.tired 14.disappointed 15.absorbed
16.Lost 17. interested 18. Pleased 19. affected 20. Absorbed